Cargando…

Treatment of pigs with endectocides as a complementary tool for combating malaria transmission by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) in Papua New Guinea

BACKGROUND: Outdoor, early-biting, zoophagic behaviours by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) can compromise the effectiveness of bed nets for malaria control. In the Western Pacific region, pigs and dogs represent significant alternative blood sources for mosquitoes. Treating these animals with endectocides...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Pasay, Cielo J., Yakob, Laith, Meredith, Hannah R., Stewart, Romal, Mills, Paul C., Dekkers, Milou H., Ong, Oselyne, Llewellyn, Stacey, Hugo, R. Leon E., McCarthy, James S., Devine, Gregor J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6423892/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30890165
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3392-0
_version_ 1783404610040365056
author Pasay, Cielo J.
Yakob, Laith
Meredith, Hannah R.
Stewart, Romal
Mills, Paul C.
Dekkers, Milou H.
Ong, Oselyne
Llewellyn, Stacey
Hugo, R. Leon E.
McCarthy, James S.
Devine, Gregor J.
author_facet Pasay, Cielo J.
Yakob, Laith
Meredith, Hannah R.
Stewart, Romal
Mills, Paul C.
Dekkers, Milou H.
Ong, Oselyne
Llewellyn, Stacey
Hugo, R. Leon E.
McCarthy, James S.
Devine, Gregor J.
author_sort Pasay, Cielo J.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Outdoor, early-biting, zoophagic behaviours by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) can compromise the effectiveness of bed nets for malaria control. In the Western Pacific region, pigs and dogs represent significant alternative blood sources for mosquitoes. Treating these animals with endectocides may impact mosquito survival and complement control measures. This hypothesis was explored using membrane feeding assays (MFAs), direct feeds on treated pigs, pharmacokinetic analyses and a transmission model. RESULTS: Ivermectin was 375-fold more mosquitocidal than moxidectin (24 h LC(50 )= 17.8 ng/ml vs 6.7 µg/ml) in MFAs, and reduced mosquito fecundity by > 50% at ≥ 5 ng/ml. Treatment of pigs with subcutaneous doses of 0.6 mg/kg ivermectin caused 100% mosquito mortality 8 days after administration. Lethal effects persisted for up to 15 days after administration (75% death within 10 days). CONCLUSION: The application of these empirical data to a unique malaria transmission model that used a three-host system (humans, pigs and dogs) predicts that the application of ivermectin will cause a significant reduction in the entomological inoculation rate (EIR = 100 to 0.35). However, this is contingent on local malaria vectors sourcing a significant proportion of their blood meals from pigs. This provides significant insights on the benefits of deploying endectocides alongside long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) to address residual malaria transmission. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3392-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6423892
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-64238922019-03-29 Treatment of pigs with endectocides as a complementary tool for combating malaria transmission by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) in Papua New Guinea Pasay, Cielo J. Yakob, Laith Meredith, Hannah R. Stewart, Romal Mills, Paul C. Dekkers, Milou H. Ong, Oselyne Llewellyn, Stacey Hugo, R. Leon E. McCarthy, James S. Devine, Gregor J. Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Outdoor, early-biting, zoophagic behaviours by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) can compromise the effectiveness of bed nets for malaria control. In the Western Pacific region, pigs and dogs represent significant alternative blood sources for mosquitoes. Treating these animals with endectocides may impact mosquito survival and complement control measures. This hypothesis was explored using membrane feeding assays (MFAs), direct feeds on treated pigs, pharmacokinetic analyses and a transmission model. RESULTS: Ivermectin was 375-fold more mosquitocidal than moxidectin (24 h LC(50 )= 17.8 ng/ml vs 6.7 µg/ml) in MFAs, and reduced mosquito fecundity by > 50% at ≥ 5 ng/ml. Treatment of pigs with subcutaneous doses of 0.6 mg/kg ivermectin caused 100% mosquito mortality 8 days after administration. Lethal effects persisted for up to 15 days after administration (75% death within 10 days). CONCLUSION: The application of these empirical data to a unique malaria transmission model that used a three-host system (humans, pigs and dogs) predicts that the application of ivermectin will cause a significant reduction in the entomological inoculation rate (EIR = 100 to 0.35). However, this is contingent on local malaria vectors sourcing a significant proportion of their blood meals from pigs. This provides significant insights on the benefits of deploying endectocides alongside long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) to address residual malaria transmission. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3392-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2019-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6423892/ /pubmed/30890165 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3392-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Pasay, Cielo J.
Yakob, Laith
Meredith, Hannah R.
Stewart, Romal
Mills, Paul C.
Dekkers, Milou H.
Ong, Oselyne
Llewellyn, Stacey
Hugo, R. Leon E.
McCarthy, James S.
Devine, Gregor J.
Treatment of pigs with endectocides as a complementary tool for combating malaria transmission by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) in Papua New Guinea
title Treatment of pigs with endectocides as a complementary tool for combating malaria transmission by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) in Papua New Guinea
title_full Treatment of pigs with endectocides as a complementary tool for combating malaria transmission by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) in Papua New Guinea
title_fullStr Treatment of pigs with endectocides as a complementary tool for combating malaria transmission by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) in Papua New Guinea
title_full_unstemmed Treatment of pigs with endectocides as a complementary tool for combating malaria transmission by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) in Papua New Guinea
title_short Treatment of pigs with endectocides as a complementary tool for combating malaria transmission by Anopheles farauti (s.s.) in Papua New Guinea
title_sort treatment of pigs with endectocides as a complementary tool for combating malaria transmission by anopheles farauti (s.s.) in papua new guinea
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6423892/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30890165
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3392-0
work_keys_str_mv AT pasaycieloj treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT yakoblaith treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT meredithhannahr treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT stewartromal treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT millspaulc treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT dekkersmilouh treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT ongoselyne treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT llewellynstacey treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT hugorleone treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT mccarthyjamess treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea
AT devinegregorj treatmentofpigswithendectocidesasacomplementarytoolforcombatingmalariatransmissionbyanophelesfarautissinpapuanewguinea