Functional identification of alginate lyase from the brown alga Saccharina japonica

Despite the progress in massive gene analysis of brown algal species, no alginate-degrading enzyme from brown alga has been identified, impeding the understanding of alginate metabolism in brown alga. In the current study, we identified and characterized alginate lyase from Saccharina japonica using a protein-based approach. First, cDNA library was prepared from the S. japonica sporophyte. Expression screening was then performed; the encoding gene was identified and cloned; and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. Alginate lyase production in algal tissues was evaluated by western blotting. The identified alginate lyase, SjAly (359 amino acids, with a predicted N-terminal secretion signal of 27 residues), is encoded by an open reading frame comprising seven exons. Recombinant SjAly exhibited endolytic alginate lyase activity, specifically toward stretches of consecutive β-d-mannuronic acid units. The optimum temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration were 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 100 mM, respectively. SjAly exhibited pronounced activity below 20 °C, the S. japonica growth temperature. SjAly was highly expressed in the blade but not the stipe and rhizoid. The data indicate that S. japonica possesses at least one active alginate lyase. This is the first report of a functional alginate lyase from brown alga, the major natural alginate producer.