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Micro-Space Complexity and Context in the Space-Time Variation in Enteric Disease Risk for Three Informal Settlements of Port au Prince, Haiti

Diffusion of cholera and other diarrheal diseases in an informal settlement is a product of multiple behavioral, environmental and spatial risk factors. One of the most important components is the spatial interconnections among water points, drainage ditches, toilets and the intervening environment....

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Autores principales: Curtis, Andrew, Squires, Robert, Rouzier, Vanessa, Pape, Jean William, Ajayakumar, Jayakrishnan, Bempah, Sandra, Taifur Alam, Meer, Alam, Md. Mahbubul, Rashid, Mohammed H., Ali, Afsar, Morris, Jr, John Glenn
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6427463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30841596
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050807
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author Curtis, Andrew
Squires, Robert
Rouzier, Vanessa
Pape, Jean William
Ajayakumar, Jayakrishnan
Bempah, Sandra
Taifur Alam, Meer
Alam, Md. Mahbubul
Rashid, Mohammed H.
Ali, Afsar
Morris, Jr, John Glenn
author_facet Curtis, Andrew
Squires, Robert
Rouzier, Vanessa
Pape, Jean William
Ajayakumar, Jayakrishnan
Bempah, Sandra
Taifur Alam, Meer
Alam, Md. Mahbubul
Rashid, Mohammed H.
Ali, Afsar
Morris, Jr, John Glenn
author_sort Curtis, Andrew
collection PubMed
description Diffusion of cholera and other diarrheal diseases in an informal settlement is a product of multiple behavioral, environmental and spatial risk factors. One of the most important components is the spatial interconnections among water points, drainage ditches, toilets and the intervening environment. This risk is also longitudinal and variable as water points fluctuate in relation to bacterial contamination. In this paper we consider part of this micro space complexity for three informal settlements in Port au Prince, Haiti. We expand on more typical epidemiological analysis of fecal coliforms at water points, drainage ditches and ocean sites by considering the importance of single point location fluctuation coupled with recording micro-space environmental conditions around each sample site. Results show that spatial variation in enteric disease risk occurs within neighborhoods, and that while certain trends are evident, the degree of individual site fluctuation should question the utility of both cross-sectional and more aggregate analysis. Various factors increase the counts of fecal coliform present, including the type of water point, how water was stored at that water point, and the proximity of the water point to local drainage. Some locations fluctuated considerably between being safe and unsafe on a monthly basis. Next steps to form a more comprehensive contextualized understanding of enteric disease risk in these environments should include the addition of behavioral factors and local insight.
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spelling pubmed-64274632019-04-10 Micro-Space Complexity and Context in the Space-Time Variation in Enteric Disease Risk for Three Informal Settlements of Port au Prince, Haiti Curtis, Andrew Squires, Robert Rouzier, Vanessa Pape, Jean William Ajayakumar, Jayakrishnan Bempah, Sandra Taifur Alam, Meer Alam, Md. Mahbubul Rashid, Mohammed H. Ali, Afsar Morris, Jr, John Glenn Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Diffusion of cholera and other diarrheal diseases in an informal settlement is a product of multiple behavioral, environmental and spatial risk factors. One of the most important components is the spatial interconnections among water points, drainage ditches, toilets and the intervening environment. This risk is also longitudinal and variable as water points fluctuate in relation to bacterial contamination. In this paper we consider part of this micro space complexity for three informal settlements in Port au Prince, Haiti. We expand on more typical epidemiological analysis of fecal coliforms at water points, drainage ditches and ocean sites by considering the importance of single point location fluctuation coupled with recording micro-space environmental conditions around each sample site. Results show that spatial variation in enteric disease risk occurs within neighborhoods, and that while certain trends are evident, the degree of individual site fluctuation should question the utility of both cross-sectional and more aggregate analysis. Various factors increase the counts of fecal coliform present, including the type of water point, how water was stored at that water point, and the proximity of the water point to local drainage. Some locations fluctuated considerably between being safe and unsafe on a monthly basis. Next steps to form a more comprehensive contextualized understanding of enteric disease risk in these environments should include the addition of behavioral factors and local insight. MDPI 2019-03-05 2019-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6427463/ /pubmed/30841596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050807 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Curtis, Andrew
Squires, Robert
Rouzier, Vanessa
Pape, Jean William
Ajayakumar, Jayakrishnan
Bempah, Sandra
Taifur Alam, Meer
Alam, Md. Mahbubul
Rashid, Mohammed H.
Ali, Afsar
Morris, Jr, John Glenn
Micro-Space Complexity and Context in the Space-Time Variation in Enteric Disease Risk for Three Informal Settlements of Port au Prince, Haiti
title Micro-Space Complexity and Context in the Space-Time Variation in Enteric Disease Risk for Three Informal Settlements of Port au Prince, Haiti
title_full Micro-Space Complexity and Context in the Space-Time Variation in Enteric Disease Risk for Three Informal Settlements of Port au Prince, Haiti
title_fullStr Micro-Space Complexity and Context in the Space-Time Variation in Enteric Disease Risk for Three Informal Settlements of Port au Prince, Haiti
title_full_unstemmed Micro-Space Complexity and Context in the Space-Time Variation in Enteric Disease Risk for Three Informal Settlements of Port au Prince, Haiti
title_short Micro-Space Complexity and Context in the Space-Time Variation in Enteric Disease Risk for Three Informal Settlements of Port au Prince, Haiti
title_sort micro-space complexity and context in the space-time variation in enteric disease risk for three informal settlements of port au prince, haiti
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6427463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30841596
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050807
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