Interaction of Anionic Bulk Nanobubbles with Cationic Liposomes: Evidence for Reentrant Condensation

[Image: see text] We investigated the interaction of bulk nanobubbles with cationic liposomes composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine and anionic liposomes assembled from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol). We employed dynamic light scattering and fluorescence microscopy to investigate both the hydrodynamic and electrophoretic properties of the nanobubble/liposome complexes. These optical techniques permit direct visualization of structural changes as a function of the bubble/liposome ratio. We observed reentrant condensation with cationic liposomes and gas nucleation with anionic liposomes. This is the first report of charge inversion and reentrant condensation of cationic liposomes induced by bulk nanobubbles.