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Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level

Third-hand smoke (THS) causes pathological changes in the liver, lungs, and skin. THS exposure can be ubiquitous, chronic, and unconscious. However, little is known about THS exposure in public facilities and its susceptible population. This paper aimed to identify which public facilities and socio-...

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Autores principales: Moon, Si Yun, Kim, Tae Won, Kim, Yoon-Ji, Kim, Youngki, Kim, Se Yeong, Kang, Dongmug
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6427616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30857230
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050855
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author Moon, Si Yun
Kim, Tae Won
Kim, Yoon-Ji
Kim, Youngki
Kim, Se Yeong
Kang, Dongmug
author_facet Moon, Si Yun
Kim, Tae Won
Kim, Yoon-Ji
Kim, Youngki
Kim, Se Yeong
Kang, Dongmug
author_sort Moon, Si Yun
collection PubMed
description Third-hand smoke (THS) causes pathological changes in the liver, lungs, and skin. THS exposure can be ubiquitous, chronic, and unconscious. However, little is known about THS exposure in public facilities and its susceptible population. This paper aimed to identify which public facilities and socio-demographic groups were especially vulnerable to THS. Data from 1360 adults obtained from Korean National Environmental Health Survey I (2009–2011) were analyzed. To study the sole effect of THS, we restricted the study population to those participants who had never smoked and who had no exposure to second-hand smoke. The assessed variables included the type and frequency of public transportation, frequency of use of 12 different public facilities, and 8 socio-demographic factors. Urinary cotinine was used as a biomarker. T-tests and analysis of variance were used for univariate analyses, while generalized linear regression was used for multivariate analysis. Frequent use of public transportation, bars, internet cafés, and participants with low levels of education, divorced or bereaved, living in multi-unit houses, and with smokers within the family were associated with significantly high urinary cotinine levels. These findings indicate that the frequent use of public transportation, certain public facilities and certain socio-demographic factors can result in high THS exposure.
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spelling pubmed-64276162019-04-10 Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level Moon, Si Yun Kim, Tae Won Kim, Yoon-Ji Kim, Youngki Kim, Se Yeong Kang, Dongmug Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Third-hand smoke (THS) causes pathological changes in the liver, lungs, and skin. THS exposure can be ubiquitous, chronic, and unconscious. However, little is known about THS exposure in public facilities and its susceptible population. This paper aimed to identify which public facilities and socio-demographic groups were especially vulnerable to THS. Data from 1360 adults obtained from Korean National Environmental Health Survey I (2009–2011) were analyzed. To study the sole effect of THS, we restricted the study population to those participants who had never smoked and who had no exposure to second-hand smoke. The assessed variables included the type and frequency of public transportation, frequency of use of 12 different public facilities, and 8 socio-demographic factors. Urinary cotinine was used as a biomarker. T-tests and analysis of variance were used for univariate analyses, while generalized linear regression was used for multivariate analysis. Frequent use of public transportation, bars, internet cafés, and participants with low levels of education, divorced or bereaved, living in multi-unit houses, and with smokers within the family were associated with significantly high urinary cotinine levels. These findings indicate that the frequent use of public transportation, certain public facilities and certain socio-demographic factors can result in high THS exposure. MDPI 2019-03-08 2019-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6427616/ /pubmed/30857230 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050855 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Moon, Si Yun
Kim, Tae Won
Kim, Yoon-Ji
Kim, Youngki
Kim, Se Yeong
Kang, Dongmug
Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level
title Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level
title_full Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level
title_fullStr Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level
title_full_unstemmed Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level
title_short Public Facility Utility and Third-Hand Smoking Exposure without First and Second-Hand Smoking According to Urinary Cotinine Level
title_sort public facility utility and third-hand smoking exposure without first and second-hand smoking according to urinary cotinine level
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6427616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30857230
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050855
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