An Area Coverage and Energy Consumption Optimization Approach Based on Improved Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization for Directional Sensor Networks

Coverage is a vital indicator which reflects the performance of directional sensor networks (DSNs). The random deployment of directional sensor nodes will lead to many covergae blind areas and overlapping areas. Besides, the premature death of nodes will also directly affect the service quality of network due to limited energy. To address these problems, this paper proposes a new area coverage and energy consumption optimization approach based on improved adaptive particle swarm optimization (IAPSO). For area coverage problem, we set up a multi-objective optimization model in order to improve coverage ratio and reduce redundancy ratio by sensing direction rotation. For energy consumption optimization, we make energy consumption evenly distribute on each sensor node by clustering network. We set up a cluster head selection optimization model which considers the total residual energy ratio and energy consumption balance degree of cluster head candidates. We also propose a cluster formation algorithm in which member nodes choose their cluster heads by weight function. We next utilize an IAPSO to solve two optimization models to achieve high coverage ratio, low redundancy ratio and energy consumption balance. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the our proposed approach performs better than other ones.