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Influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium
The forces that arise from the actin cortex play a crucial role in determining the membrane deformation. These include protrusive forces due to actin polymerization, pulling forces due to transient attachment of actin filaments to the membrane, retrograde flow powered by contraction of actomyosin ne...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6428246/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30897104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213810 |
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author | Atakhani, Asal Mohammad-Rafiee, Farshid Gholami, Azam |
author_facet | Atakhani, Asal Mohammad-Rafiee, Farshid Gholami, Azam |
author_sort | Atakhani, Asal |
collection | PubMed |
description | The forces that arise from the actin cortex play a crucial role in determining the membrane deformation. These include protrusive forces due to actin polymerization, pulling forces due to transient attachment of actin filaments to the membrane, retrograde flow powered by contraction of actomyosin network, and adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Here we present a theoretical model for membrane deformation resulting from the feedback between the membrane shape and the forces acting on the membrane. We model the membrane as a series of beads connected by springs and determine the final steady-state shape of the membrane arising from the interplay between pushing/pulling forces of the actin network and the resisting membrane tension. We specifically investigate the effect of the gel dynamics on the spatio-temporal deformation of the membrane until a stable lamellipodium is formed. We show that the retrograde flow and the cross-linking velocity play an essential role in the final elongation of the membrane. Interestingly, in the simulations where motor-induced contractility is switched off, reduced retrograde flow results in an increase in the rate and amplitude of membrane protrusion. These simulations are consistent with experimental observations that report an enhancement in protrusion efficiency as myosin II molecular motors are inhibited. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6428246 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64282462019-04-02 Influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium Atakhani, Asal Mohammad-Rafiee, Farshid Gholami, Azam PLoS One Research Article The forces that arise from the actin cortex play a crucial role in determining the membrane deformation. These include protrusive forces due to actin polymerization, pulling forces due to transient attachment of actin filaments to the membrane, retrograde flow powered by contraction of actomyosin network, and adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Here we present a theoretical model for membrane deformation resulting from the feedback between the membrane shape and the forces acting on the membrane. We model the membrane as a series of beads connected by springs and determine the final steady-state shape of the membrane arising from the interplay between pushing/pulling forces of the actin network and the resisting membrane tension. We specifically investigate the effect of the gel dynamics on the spatio-temporal deformation of the membrane until a stable lamellipodium is formed. We show that the retrograde flow and the cross-linking velocity play an essential role in the final elongation of the membrane. Interestingly, in the simulations where motor-induced contractility is switched off, reduced retrograde flow results in an increase in the rate and amplitude of membrane protrusion. These simulations are consistent with experimental observations that report an enhancement in protrusion efficiency as myosin II molecular motors are inhibited. Public Library of Science 2019-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6428246/ /pubmed/30897104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213810 Text en © 2019 Atakhani et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Atakhani, Asal Mohammad-Rafiee, Farshid Gholami, Azam Influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium |
title | Influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium |
title_full | Influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium |
title_fullStr | Influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium |
title_short | Influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium |
title_sort | influence of cross-linking and retrograde flow on formation and dynamics of lamellipodium |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6428246/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30897104 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213810 |
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