Aspects épidémiologiques et bactériologiques des infections du site opératoire (ISO) dans les services de chirurgie à l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN)

This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and bacteriological features of bacterial strains isolated from surgical site infections (ISO) at the Niamey National Hospital. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study over a period of 24 months. All strains isolated from bacteriological samplings from patients with a surgical site infection have been identified and tested for antibiotic sensitivity according to conventional methods. The bacteriological analysis allowed the isolation of 126 bacterial strains with a predominance of S.aureus (n=39, 31%) followed by Escherichia coli (n=29, 23%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=12, 9.5%). The strains of Escherichia coli were 100% sensitive to imipenem. They showed marked ampicillin, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid and ticarcillin resistance. They had variable resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics (62% to gentamycin, and 78% to amikacin) and to fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid 74%, pefloxacine 33%, ofloxacin 69%, ciprofloxacin 61%). All enterobacterial isolates were sensitive to imipenem. The strains of S.aureus showed resistance to penicillin G (88.6%) and oxacillin (83%). They also showed resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin (37% and 57% respectively). By contrast, they were sensitive to lincomycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics tested. In the light of these results, we believe that it will be necessary to improve prophylaxis protocol and probabilistic antibiotic therapy in the Surgical Division and to conduct periodic surveillance studies of the ISO.