Fast Fourier Transformation of Peripheral Venous Pressure Changes More Than Vital Signs with Hemorrhage

Vital signs are included in the determination of shock secondary to hemorrhage; however, more granular predictors are needed. We hypothesized that fast Fourier transformation (FFT) would have a greater percent change after hemorrhage than heart rate (HR) or systolic blood pressure (SBP). Using a porcine model, nine 17 kg pigs were hemorrhaged 10% of their calculated blood volume. Peripheral venous pressure waveforms, HR and SBP were collected at baseline and after 10% blood loss. FFT was performed on the peripheral venous pressure waveforms and the peak between 1 and 3 hertz (f(1)) corresponded to HR. To normalize values for comparison, percent change was calculated for f(1), SBP, and HR. The mean percent change for f(1) was an 18.8% decrease; SBP was a 3.31% decrease; and HR was a 0.95% increase. Using analysis of variance, FFT at f(1) demonstrates a statistically significant greater change than HR or SBP after loss of 10% of circulating blood volume (p = 0.0023). Further work is needed to determine if this could be used in field triage to guide resuscitation.