Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of Moringa oleifera is partly mediated by carbohydrase inhibition and glucose-fibre binding

Moringa oleifera has potential anti-hyperglycaemic effects that have been reported earlier by different scientific groups using animal models of diabetes. We aimed to explore the possible mechanisms of action of M. oleifera extract through different methods. Primarily, we measured fasting blood glucose and performed glucose tolerance test, in Type 2 diabetic rats. Further, we studied the effects of extracts on pancreatic insulin concentration. Extracts’ effect on carbohydrate breakdown was assayed using α-amylase inhibition assays and assay of six different segments of gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. An in situ intestinal perfusion model and a glucose fibre assay were performed to see the potentiality of M. oleifera on glucose absorption. M. oleifera showed no significant change in insulin secretion in vivo. Additionally, substantial effect of the extract was seen on retarded glucose absorption and in the in situ perfusion study of rat intestinal model. α-amylase action was inhibited by the extract, yet again, these findings were further confirmed via the Six Segment assay, where sucrose digestion was found to be inhibited throughout the length of the GI tract. A combined in vitro, in vivo and in situ tests justified the potential of anti-hyperglycaemic activity of M. oleifera and its tissue level mechanism is also justified.