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Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the developed world and appears to be more prevalent in children with additional support needs (ASN). There is an urgent need for routine screening for CVI, particularly in children with ASN,...

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Autores principales: Gorrie, Fiona, Goodall, Karen, Rush, Robert, Ravenscroft, John
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6435113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30913240
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214290
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author Gorrie, Fiona
Goodall, Karen
Rush, Robert
Ravenscroft, John
author_facet Gorrie, Fiona
Goodall, Karen
Rush, Robert
Ravenscroft, John
author_sort Gorrie, Fiona
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the developed world and appears to be more prevalent in children with additional support needs (ASN). There is an urgent need for routine screening for CVI, particularly in children with ASN, however, current screening questionnaires for CVI have limited validation. The aim of this study was to evaluate two screening tools: the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire. Additionally, the distribution of CVI across neurodevelopmental disorders is unknown. This too was investigated. METHODS: An online survey was completed by 535 parents. The survey was advertised via social media, CVI websites and parent email systems of four schools. The survey comprised of the Five Questions, the CVI Questionnaire and additional questions regarding the child’s diagnoses. Whether or not a child had a diagnosis of CVI and/or additional neurodevelopmental disorders was based on parental report. RESULTS: Based on parent reports, both the screening tools accurately screened for CVI diagnoses in children. The Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire have construct validity (as determined through factor analysis), high internal consistency (as determined by Cronbach’s alpha) and convergent validity (as determined by correlation analysis of the raw scores of each questionnaire). This study also highlights that among children with neurodevelopmental disorders, a large proportion have parent-reported CVI (23%-39%) and potential CVI (6.59–22.53%; as identified by the questionnaires). CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates that the Five Questions and CVI Questionnaire have good convergent validity, internal consistency and a reliable factor structure and may therefore be suitable as screening tools. The study also highlights that reported or potential CVI is evident in a large proportion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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spelling pubmed-64351132019-04-08 Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire Gorrie, Fiona Goodall, Karen Rush, Robert Ravenscroft, John PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the most common cause of visual impairment in children in the developed world and appears to be more prevalent in children with additional support needs (ASN). There is an urgent need for routine screening for CVI, particularly in children with ASN, however, current screening questionnaires for CVI have limited validation. The aim of this study was to evaluate two screening tools: the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire. Additionally, the distribution of CVI across neurodevelopmental disorders is unknown. This too was investigated. METHODS: An online survey was completed by 535 parents. The survey was advertised via social media, CVI websites and parent email systems of four schools. The survey comprised of the Five Questions, the CVI Questionnaire and additional questions regarding the child’s diagnoses. Whether or not a child had a diagnosis of CVI and/or additional neurodevelopmental disorders was based on parental report. RESULTS: Based on parent reports, both the screening tools accurately screened for CVI diagnoses in children. The Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire have construct validity (as determined through factor analysis), high internal consistency (as determined by Cronbach’s alpha) and convergent validity (as determined by correlation analysis of the raw scores of each questionnaire). This study also highlights that among children with neurodevelopmental disorders, a large proportion have parent-reported CVI (23%-39%) and potential CVI (6.59–22.53%; as identified by the questionnaires). CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates that the Five Questions and CVI Questionnaire have good convergent validity, internal consistency and a reliable factor structure and may therefore be suitable as screening tools. The study also highlights that reported or potential CVI is evident in a large proportion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Public Library of Science 2019-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6435113/ /pubmed/30913240 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214290 Text en © 2019 Gorrie et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Gorrie, Fiona
Goodall, Karen
Rush, Robert
Ravenscroft, John
Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire
title Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire
title_full Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire
title_fullStr Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire
title_full_unstemmed Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire
title_short Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire
title_sort towards population screening for cerebral visual impairment: validity of the five questions and the cvi questionnaire
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6435113/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30913240
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214290
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