Cargando…
Cost Evaluation During Decision-Making in Patients at Early Stages of Psychosis
Jumping to conclusions during probabilistic reasoning is a cognitive bias reliably observed in psychosis and linked to delusion formation. Although the reasons for this cognitive bias are unknown, one suggestion is that psychosis patients may view sampling information as more costly. However, previo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MIT Press
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6436576/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30931393 http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/cpsy_a_00020 |
_version_ | 1783406829649264640 |
---|---|
author | Ermakova, Anna O. Gileadi, Nimrod Knolle, Franziska Justicia, Azucena Anderson, Rachel Fletcher, Paul C. Moutoussis, Michael Murray, Graham K. |
author_facet | Ermakova, Anna O. Gileadi, Nimrod Knolle, Franziska Justicia, Azucena Anderson, Rachel Fletcher, Paul C. Moutoussis, Michael Murray, Graham K. |
author_sort | Ermakova, Anna O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Jumping to conclusions during probabilistic reasoning is a cognitive bias reliably observed in psychosis and linked to delusion formation. Although the reasons for this cognitive bias are unknown, one suggestion is that psychosis patients may view sampling information as more costly. However, previous computational modeling has provided evidence that patients with chronic schizophrenia jump to conclusions because of noisy decision-making. We developed a novel version of the classical beads task, systematically manipulating the cost of information gathering in four blocks. For 31 individuals with early symptoms of psychosis and 31 healthy volunteers, we examined the numbers of “draws to decision” when information sampling had no, a fixed, or an escalating cost. Computational modeling involved estimating a cost of information sampling parameter and a cognitive noise parameter. Overall, patients sampled less information than controls. However, group differences in numbers of draws became less prominent at higher cost trials, where less information was sampled. The attenuation of group difference was not due to floor effects, as in the most costly block, participants sampled more information than an ideal Bayesian agent. Computational modeling showed that, in the condition with no objective cost to information sampling, patients attributed higher costs to information sampling than controls did, Mann–Whitney U = 289, p = 0.007, with marginal evidence of differences in noise parameter estimates, t(60) = 1.86, p = 0.07. In patients, individual differences in severity of psychotic symptoms were statistically significantly associated with higher cost of information sampling, ρ = 0.6, p = 0.001, but not with more cognitive noise, ρ = 0.27, p = 0.14; in controls, cognitive noise predicted aspects of schizotypy (preoccupation and distress associated with delusion-like ideation on the Peters Delusion Inventory). Using a psychological manipulation and computational modeling, we provide evidence that early-psychosis patients jump to conclusions because of attributing higher costs to sampling information, not because of being primarily noisy decision makers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6436576 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MIT Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64365762019-03-29 Cost Evaluation During Decision-Making in Patients at Early Stages of Psychosis Ermakova, Anna O. Gileadi, Nimrod Knolle, Franziska Justicia, Azucena Anderson, Rachel Fletcher, Paul C. Moutoussis, Michael Murray, Graham K. Comput Psychiatr Research Articles Jumping to conclusions during probabilistic reasoning is a cognitive bias reliably observed in psychosis and linked to delusion formation. Although the reasons for this cognitive bias are unknown, one suggestion is that psychosis patients may view sampling information as more costly. However, previous computational modeling has provided evidence that patients with chronic schizophrenia jump to conclusions because of noisy decision-making. We developed a novel version of the classical beads task, systematically manipulating the cost of information gathering in four blocks. For 31 individuals with early symptoms of psychosis and 31 healthy volunteers, we examined the numbers of “draws to decision” when information sampling had no, a fixed, or an escalating cost. Computational modeling involved estimating a cost of information sampling parameter and a cognitive noise parameter. Overall, patients sampled less information than controls. However, group differences in numbers of draws became less prominent at higher cost trials, where less information was sampled. The attenuation of group difference was not due to floor effects, as in the most costly block, participants sampled more information than an ideal Bayesian agent. Computational modeling showed that, in the condition with no objective cost to information sampling, patients attributed higher costs to information sampling than controls did, Mann–Whitney U = 289, p = 0.007, with marginal evidence of differences in noise parameter estimates, t(60) = 1.86, p = 0.07. In patients, individual differences in severity of psychotic symptoms were statistically significantly associated with higher cost of information sampling, ρ = 0.6, p = 0.001, but not with more cognitive noise, ρ = 0.27, p = 0.14; in controls, cognitive noise predicted aspects of schizotypy (preoccupation and distress associated with delusion-like ideation on the Peters Delusion Inventory). Using a psychological manipulation and computational modeling, we provide evidence that early-psychosis patients jump to conclusions because of attributing higher costs to sampling information, not because of being primarily noisy decision makers. MIT Press 2019-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6436576/ /pubmed/30931393 http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/cpsy_a_00020 Text en © 2018 Massachusetts Institute of Technology This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For a full description of the license, please visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Ermakova, Anna O. Gileadi, Nimrod Knolle, Franziska Justicia, Azucena Anderson, Rachel Fletcher, Paul C. Moutoussis, Michael Murray, Graham K. Cost Evaluation During Decision-Making in Patients at Early Stages of Psychosis |
title | Cost Evaluation During Decision-Making in Patients at Early Stages of Psychosis |
title_full | Cost Evaluation During Decision-Making in Patients at Early Stages of Psychosis |
title_fullStr | Cost Evaluation During Decision-Making in Patients at Early Stages of Psychosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Cost Evaluation During Decision-Making in Patients at Early Stages of Psychosis |
title_short | Cost Evaluation During Decision-Making in Patients at Early Stages of Psychosis |
title_sort | cost evaluation during decision-making in patients at early stages of psychosis |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6436576/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30931393 http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/cpsy_a_00020 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ermakovaannao costevaluationduringdecisionmakinginpatientsatearlystagesofpsychosis AT gileadinimrod costevaluationduringdecisionmakinginpatientsatearlystagesofpsychosis AT knollefranziska costevaluationduringdecisionmakinginpatientsatearlystagesofpsychosis AT justiciaazucena costevaluationduringdecisionmakinginpatientsatearlystagesofpsychosis AT andersonrachel costevaluationduringdecisionmakinginpatientsatearlystagesofpsychosis AT fletcherpaulc costevaluationduringdecisionmakinginpatientsatearlystagesofpsychosis AT moutoussismichael costevaluationduringdecisionmakinginpatientsatearlystagesofpsychosis AT murraygrahamk costevaluationduringdecisionmakinginpatientsatearlystagesofpsychosis |