Laboratory study on nitrate removal and nitrous oxide emission in intact soil columns collected from nitrogenous loaded riparian wetland, Northeast China

Nitrate [Image: see text] pollution of surface and groundwater systems is a major problem globally. For some time now wetlands have been considered potential systems for improving water quality. Nitrate dissolved in water moving through wetlands can be removed through different processes, such as the denitrification process, where heterotrophic facultative anaerobic bacteria use [Image: see text] for respiration, leading to the production of nitrogen (N(2)) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) gases. Nitrate removal and emission of N(2)O in wetlands can vary spatially, depending on factors such as vegetation, hydrology and soil structure. This study intended to provide a better understanding of the spatial variability and processes involved in [Image: see text] removal and emission of N(2)O in riparian wetland soils. We designed a laboratory experiment simulating surface water flow through soil columns collected from different sites dominated by different plant species within a wetland. Water and gas samples for [Image: see text] and N(2)O analyses were collected every 5 days for a period of 30 days. The results revealed significant removal of [Image: see text] in all the soil columns, supporting the role of riparian wetland soils in removing nitrogen from surface runoff. Nitrate removal at 0 and 10cm depths in sites dominated by Phragmites australis and Carex schnimdtii was significantly higher than in the site dominated by Calamagrostis epigeio. Nitrous oxide emissions varied spatially and temporally with negative flux observed in sites dominated by P. australis and C. schnimdtii. These results reveal that in addition to the ability of wetlands to remove [Image: see text] , some sites within wetlands are also capable of consuming N(2)O, hence mitigating not only agricultural nitrate pollution but also climate change.