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Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean

One of the recently recognised stressors in Arctic ecosystems concerns plastic litter. In this study, juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) were investigated for the presence of plastics in their stomachs. Polar cod is considered a key species in the Arctic ecosystem. The fish were collected both di...

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Autores principales: Kühn, Susanne, Schaafsma, Fokje L., van Werven, Bernike, Flores, Hauke, Bergmann, Melanie, Egelkraut-Holtus, Marion, Tekman, Mine B., van Franeker, Jan A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6445488/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31007367
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2283-8
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author Kühn, Susanne
Schaafsma, Fokje L.
van Werven, Bernike
Flores, Hauke
Bergmann, Melanie
Egelkraut-Holtus, Marion
Tekman, Mine B.
van Franeker, Jan A.
author_facet Kühn, Susanne
Schaafsma, Fokje L.
van Werven, Bernike
Flores, Hauke
Bergmann, Melanie
Egelkraut-Holtus, Marion
Tekman, Mine B.
van Franeker, Jan A.
author_sort Kühn, Susanne
collection PubMed
description One of the recently recognised stressors in Arctic ecosystems concerns plastic litter. In this study, juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) were investigated for the presence of plastics in their stomachs. Polar cod is considered a key species in the Arctic ecosystem. The fish were collected both directly from underneath the sea ice in the Eurasian Basin and in open waters around Svalbard. We analysed the stomachs of 72 individuals under a stereo microscope. Two stomachs contained non-fibrous microplastic particles. According to µFTIR analysis, the particles consisted of epoxy resin and a mix of Kaolin with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Fibrous objects were excluded from this analysis to avoid bias due to contamination with airborne micro-fibres. A systematic investigation of the risk for secondary micro-fibre contamination during analytical procedures showed that precautionary measures in all procedural steps are critical. Based on the two non-fibrous objects found in polar cod stomachs, our results show that ingestion of microplastic particles by this ecologically important fish species is possible. With increasing human activity, plastic ingestion may act as an increasing stressor on polar cod in combination with ocean warming and sea-ice decline in peripheral regions of the Arctic Ocean. To fully assess the significance of this stressor and its spatial and temporal variability, future studies must apply a rigorous approach to avoid secondary pollution. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00300-018-2283-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.
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spelling pubmed-64454882019-04-17 Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean Kühn, Susanne Schaafsma, Fokje L. van Werven, Bernike Flores, Hauke Bergmann, Melanie Egelkraut-Holtus, Marion Tekman, Mine B. van Franeker, Jan A. Polar Biol Original Paper One of the recently recognised stressors in Arctic ecosystems concerns plastic litter. In this study, juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) were investigated for the presence of plastics in their stomachs. Polar cod is considered a key species in the Arctic ecosystem. The fish were collected both directly from underneath the sea ice in the Eurasian Basin and in open waters around Svalbard. We analysed the stomachs of 72 individuals under a stereo microscope. Two stomachs contained non-fibrous microplastic particles. According to µFTIR analysis, the particles consisted of epoxy resin and a mix of Kaolin with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Fibrous objects were excluded from this analysis to avoid bias due to contamination with airborne micro-fibres. A systematic investigation of the risk for secondary micro-fibre contamination during analytical procedures showed that precautionary measures in all procedural steps are critical. Based on the two non-fibrous objects found in polar cod stomachs, our results show that ingestion of microplastic particles by this ecologically important fish species is possible. With increasing human activity, plastic ingestion may act as an increasing stressor on polar cod in combination with ocean warming and sea-ice decline in peripheral regions of the Arctic Ocean. To fully assess the significance of this stressor and its spatial and temporal variability, future studies must apply a rigorous approach to avoid secondary pollution. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00300-018-2283-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2018-02-20 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC6445488/ /pubmed/31007367 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2283-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Kühn, Susanne
Schaafsma, Fokje L.
van Werven, Bernike
Flores, Hauke
Bergmann, Melanie
Egelkraut-Holtus, Marion
Tekman, Mine B.
van Franeker, Jan A.
Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean
title Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean
title_full Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean
title_fullStr Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean
title_full_unstemmed Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean
title_short Plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean
title_sort plastic ingestion by juvenile polar cod (boreogadus saida) in the arctic ocean
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6445488/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31007367
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2283-8
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