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Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

Polyphenols are characterised structurally by two or more hydroxyl groups attached to one or more benzene rings, and provide the taste and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables. They are radical scavengers and metal chelators, but due to their low concentration in biological fluids in vivo...

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Autores principales: Bowtell, Joanna, Kelly, Vincent
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6445811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30671906
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0998-x
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author Bowtell, Joanna
Kelly, Vincent
author_facet Bowtell, Joanna
Kelly, Vincent
author_sort Bowtell, Joanna
collection PubMed
description Polyphenols are characterised structurally by two or more hydroxyl groups attached to one or more benzene rings, and provide the taste and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables. They are radical scavengers and metal chelators, but due to their low concentration in biological fluids in vivo their antioxidant properties seem to be related to enhanced endogenous antioxidant capacity induced via signalling through the Nrf2 pathway. Polyphenols also seem to possess anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to enhance vascular function via nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. As a consequence, there is a rationale for supplementation with fruit-derived polyphenols both to enhance exercise performance, since excess reactive oxygen species generation has been implicated in fatigue development, and to enhance recovery from muscle damage induced by intensive exercise due to the involvement of inflammation and oxidative damage within muscle. Current evidence would suggest that acute supplementation with ~ 300 mg polyphenols 1–2 h prior to exercise may enhance exercise capacity and/or performance during endurance and repeated sprint exercise via antioxidant and vascular mechanisms. However, only a small number of studies have been performed to date, some with methodological limitations, and more research is needed to confirm these findings. A larger body of evidence suggests that supplementation with > 1000 mg polyphenols per day for 3 or more days prior to and following exercise will enhance recovery following muscle damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The many remaining unanswered questions within the field of polyphenol research and exercise performance and recovery are highlighted within this review article.
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spelling pubmed-64458112019-04-17 Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance Bowtell, Joanna Kelly, Vincent Sports Med Review Article Polyphenols are characterised structurally by two or more hydroxyl groups attached to one or more benzene rings, and provide the taste and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables. They are radical scavengers and metal chelators, but due to their low concentration in biological fluids in vivo their antioxidant properties seem to be related to enhanced endogenous antioxidant capacity induced via signalling through the Nrf2 pathway. Polyphenols also seem to possess anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to enhance vascular function via nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. As a consequence, there is a rationale for supplementation with fruit-derived polyphenols both to enhance exercise performance, since excess reactive oxygen species generation has been implicated in fatigue development, and to enhance recovery from muscle damage induced by intensive exercise due to the involvement of inflammation and oxidative damage within muscle. Current evidence would suggest that acute supplementation with ~ 300 mg polyphenols 1–2 h prior to exercise may enhance exercise capacity and/or performance during endurance and repeated sprint exercise via antioxidant and vascular mechanisms. However, only a small number of studies have been performed to date, some with methodological limitations, and more research is needed to confirm these findings. A larger body of evidence suggests that supplementation with > 1000 mg polyphenols per day for 3 or more days prior to and following exercise will enhance recovery following muscle damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The many remaining unanswered questions within the field of polyphenol research and exercise performance and recovery are highlighted within this review article. Springer International Publishing 2019-01-22 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6445811/ /pubmed/30671906 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0998-x Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Review Article
Bowtell, Joanna
Kelly, Vincent
Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance
title Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance
title_full Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance
title_fullStr Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance
title_full_unstemmed Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance
title_short Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance
title_sort fruit-derived polyphenol supplementation for athlete recovery and performance
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6445811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30671906
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0998-x
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