The Influence of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell toward Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 and RELA Synoviocyte Gene Expression on Osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND: Therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) with satisfactory results has not been found to date. In OA pathogenesis, RELA gene involved in cartilage degradation and MMP-13 in degrade cartilage, as a member family of NF-κβ genes, RELA serves to modulate inflammatory responses and activates pro-inflammatory cytokines. AIM: This study aims to identify the influence of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC-WJ) on MMP-13 and RELA expression gene in synoviocyte by in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research is pure experimental research. The sample used derived from synovial tissue of OA patients who underwent Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery. This study was divided into six groups treated with 4 replications. Group I and II (control groups) were synoviocyte of OA incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Group III and IV were MSC-WJ incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Group V and VI were Synoviocyte-MSC-WJ co-culture group incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Identification of MMP-13 and RELA gene expression in each group was performed by using qPCR. RESULT: The results showed that MSC-WJ reduced MMP-13 gene expression after co-culture for 24 and 48 hours in OA synoviocyte. The highest gene expression of MMP-13 was in Group I and II (1.00 ng/μl), followed by Group III (0.41 ng/μl), Group IV (0.24 ng/μl), Group V (0.13 ng/μl), and Group VI (0.04 ng/μl). MSC-WJ administration also decreased RELA gene expression. The highest gene expression of RELA gene was in Group I and II (1.00 ng/μl), Group V (0.67 ng/μl), Group III (0.58 ng/μl), Group IV (0.16 ng/μl), and Group VI (0.16 ng/μl). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that MSC-WJ in OA synoviocyte significantly reduced the expression of MMP-13 and RELA gene (p <0.05).