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Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story?

Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger and itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus are two major examples of technical scale fungal fermentations based on metabolic overflow of primary metabolism. Both organic acids are formed by the same metabolic pathway, but whereas citric acid is th...

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Autores principales: Karaffa, Levente, Kubicek, Christian P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6447509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30758523
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-09607-9
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author Karaffa, Levente
Kubicek, Christian P.
author_facet Karaffa, Levente
Kubicek, Christian P.
author_sort Karaffa, Levente
collection PubMed
description Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger and itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus are two major examples of technical scale fungal fermentations based on metabolic overflow of primary metabolism. Both organic acids are formed by the same metabolic pathway, but whereas citric acid is the end product in A. niger, A. terreus performs two additional enzymatic steps leading to itaconic acid. Despite of this high similarity, the optimization of the production process and the mechanism and regulation of overflow of these two acids has mostly been investigated independently, thereby ignoring respective knowledge from the other. In this review, we will highlight where the similarities and the real differences of these two processes occur, which involves various aspects of medium composition, metabolic regulation and compartmentation, transcriptional regulation, and gene evolution. These comparative data may facilitate further investigations of citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation and may contribute to improvements in their industrial production. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00253-018-09607-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-64475092019-04-17 Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story? Karaffa, Levente Kubicek, Christian P. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Mini-Review Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger and itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus are two major examples of technical scale fungal fermentations based on metabolic overflow of primary metabolism. Both organic acids are formed by the same metabolic pathway, but whereas citric acid is the end product in A. niger, A. terreus performs two additional enzymatic steps leading to itaconic acid. Despite of this high similarity, the optimization of the production process and the mechanism and regulation of overflow of these two acids has mostly been investigated independently, thereby ignoring respective knowledge from the other. In this review, we will highlight where the similarities and the real differences of these two processes occur, which involves various aspects of medium composition, metabolic regulation and compartmentation, transcriptional regulation, and gene evolution. These comparative data may facilitate further investigations of citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation and may contribute to improvements in their industrial production. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00253-018-09607-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019-02-13 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6447509/ /pubmed/30758523 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-09607-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Mini-Review
Karaffa, Levente
Kubicek, Christian P.
Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story?
title Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story?
title_full Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story?
title_fullStr Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story?
title_full_unstemmed Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story?
title_short Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story?
title_sort citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story?
topic Mini-Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6447509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30758523
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-09607-9
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