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Human Brain/Cloud Interface
The Internet comprises a decentralized global system that serves humanity’s collective effort to generate, process, and store data, most of which is handled by the rapidly expanding cloud. A stable, secure, real-time system may allow for interfacing the cloud with the human brain. One promising stra...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6450227/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30983948 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00112 |
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author | Martins, Nuno R. B. Angelica, Amara Chakravarthy, Krishnan Svidinenko, Yuriy Boehm, Frank J. Opris, Ioan Lebedev, Mikhail A. Swan, Melanie Garan, Steven A. Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V. Hogg, Tad Freitas, Robert A. |
author_facet | Martins, Nuno R. B. Angelica, Amara Chakravarthy, Krishnan Svidinenko, Yuriy Boehm, Frank J. Opris, Ioan Lebedev, Mikhail A. Swan, Melanie Garan, Steven A. Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V. Hogg, Tad Freitas, Robert A. |
author_sort | Martins, Nuno R. B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Internet comprises a decentralized global system that serves humanity’s collective effort to generate, process, and store data, most of which is handled by the rapidly expanding cloud. A stable, secure, real-time system may allow for interfacing the cloud with the human brain. One promising strategy for enabling such a system, denoted here as a “human brain/cloud interface” (“B/CI”), would be based on technologies referred to here as “neuralnanorobotics.” Future neuralnanorobotics technologies are anticipated to facilitate accurate diagnoses and eventual cures for the ∼400 conditions that affect the human brain. Neuralnanorobotics may also enable a B/CI with controlled connectivity between neural activity and external data storage and processing, via the direct monitoring of the brain’s ∼86 × 10(9) neurons and ∼2 × 10(14) synapses. Subsequent to navigating the human vasculature, three species of neuralnanorobots (endoneurobots, gliabots, and synaptobots) could traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB), enter the brain parenchyma, ingress into individual human brain cells, and autoposition themselves at the axon initial segments of neurons (endoneurobots), within glial cells (gliabots), and in intimate proximity to synapses (synaptobots). They would then wirelessly transmit up to ∼6 × 10(16) bits per second of synaptically processed and encoded human–brain electrical information via auxiliary nanorobotic fiber optics (30 cm(3)) with the capacity to handle up to 10(18) bits/sec and provide rapid data transfer to a cloud based supercomputer for real-time brain-state monitoring and data extraction. A neuralnanorobotically enabled human B/CI might serve as a personalized conduit, allowing persons to obtain direct, instantaneous access to virtually any facet of cumulative human knowledge. Other anticipated applications include myriad opportunities to improve education, intelligence, entertainment, traveling, and other interactive experiences. A specialized application might be the capacity to engage in fully immersive experiential/sensory experiences, including what is referred to here as “transparent shadowing” (TS). Through TS, individuals might experience episodic segments of the lives of other willing participants (locally or remote) to, hopefully, encourage and inspire improved understanding and tolerance among all members of the human family. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6450227 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64502272019-04-12 Human Brain/Cloud Interface Martins, Nuno R. B. Angelica, Amara Chakravarthy, Krishnan Svidinenko, Yuriy Boehm, Frank J. Opris, Ioan Lebedev, Mikhail A. Swan, Melanie Garan, Steven A. Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V. Hogg, Tad Freitas, Robert A. Front Neurosci Neuroscience The Internet comprises a decentralized global system that serves humanity’s collective effort to generate, process, and store data, most of which is handled by the rapidly expanding cloud. A stable, secure, real-time system may allow for interfacing the cloud with the human brain. One promising strategy for enabling such a system, denoted here as a “human brain/cloud interface” (“B/CI”), would be based on technologies referred to here as “neuralnanorobotics.” Future neuralnanorobotics technologies are anticipated to facilitate accurate diagnoses and eventual cures for the ∼400 conditions that affect the human brain. Neuralnanorobotics may also enable a B/CI with controlled connectivity between neural activity and external data storage and processing, via the direct monitoring of the brain’s ∼86 × 10(9) neurons and ∼2 × 10(14) synapses. Subsequent to navigating the human vasculature, three species of neuralnanorobots (endoneurobots, gliabots, and synaptobots) could traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB), enter the brain parenchyma, ingress into individual human brain cells, and autoposition themselves at the axon initial segments of neurons (endoneurobots), within glial cells (gliabots), and in intimate proximity to synapses (synaptobots). They would then wirelessly transmit up to ∼6 × 10(16) bits per second of synaptically processed and encoded human–brain electrical information via auxiliary nanorobotic fiber optics (30 cm(3)) with the capacity to handle up to 10(18) bits/sec and provide rapid data transfer to a cloud based supercomputer for real-time brain-state monitoring and data extraction. A neuralnanorobotically enabled human B/CI might serve as a personalized conduit, allowing persons to obtain direct, instantaneous access to virtually any facet of cumulative human knowledge. Other anticipated applications include myriad opportunities to improve education, intelligence, entertainment, traveling, and other interactive experiences. A specialized application might be the capacity to engage in fully immersive experiential/sensory experiences, including what is referred to here as “transparent shadowing” (TS). Through TS, individuals might experience episodic segments of the lives of other willing participants (locally or remote) to, hopefully, encourage and inspire improved understanding and tolerance among all members of the human family. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6450227/ /pubmed/30983948 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00112 Text en Copyright © 2019 Martins, Angelica, Chakravarthy, Svidinenko, Boehm, Opris, Lebedev, Swan, Garan, Rosenfeld, Hogg and Freitas. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Martins, Nuno R. B. Angelica, Amara Chakravarthy, Krishnan Svidinenko, Yuriy Boehm, Frank J. Opris, Ioan Lebedev, Mikhail A. Swan, Melanie Garan, Steven A. Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V. Hogg, Tad Freitas, Robert A. Human Brain/Cloud Interface |
title | Human Brain/Cloud Interface |
title_full | Human Brain/Cloud Interface |
title_fullStr | Human Brain/Cloud Interface |
title_full_unstemmed | Human Brain/Cloud Interface |
title_short | Human Brain/Cloud Interface |
title_sort | human brain/cloud interface |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6450227/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30983948 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00112 |
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