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Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Dosage Compensation on the Artemia franciscana Z-Chromosome

Males and females of Artemia franciscana, a crustacean commonly used in the aquarium trade, are highly dimorphic. Sex is determined by a pair of ZW chromosomes, but the nature and extent of differentiation of these chromosomes is unknown. Here, we characterize the Z chromosome by detecting genomic r...

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Autores principales: Huylmans, Ann Kathrin, Toups, Melissa A, Macon, Ariana, Gammerdinger, William J, Vicoso, Beatriz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6456005/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30865260
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz053
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author Huylmans, Ann Kathrin
Toups, Melissa A
Macon, Ariana
Gammerdinger, William J
Vicoso, Beatriz
author_facet Huylmans, Ann Kathrin
Toups, Melissa A
Macon, Ariana
Gammerdinger, William J
Vicoso, Beatriz
author_sort Huylmans, Ann Kathrin
collection PubMed
description Males and females of Artemia franciscana, a crustacean commonly used in the aquarium trade, are highly dimorphic. Sex is determined by a pair of ZW chromosomes, but the nature and extent of differentiation of these chromosomes is unknown. Here, we characterize the Z chromosome by detecting genomic regions that show lower genomic coverage in female than in male samples, and regions that harbor an excess of female-specific SNPs. We detect many Z-specific genes, which no longer have homologs on the W, but also Z-linked genes that appear to have diverged very recently from their existing W-linked homolog. We assess patterns of male and female expression in two tissues with extensive morphological dimorphism, gonads, and heads. In agreement with their morphology, sex-biased expression is common in both tissues. Interestingly, the Z chromosome is not enriched for sex-biased genes, and seems to in fact have a mechanism of dosage compensation that leads to equal expression in males and in females. Both of these patterns are contrary to most ZW systems studied so far, making A. franciscana an excellent model for investigating the interplay between the evolution of sexual dimorphism and dosage compensation, as well as Z chromosome evolution in general.
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spelling pubmed-64560052019-04-11 Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Dosage Compensation on the Artemia franciscana Z-Chromosome Huylmans, Ann Kathrin Toups, Melissa A Macon, Ariana Gammerdinger, William J Vicoso, Beatriz Genome Biol Evol Research Article Males and females of Artemia franciscana, a crustacean commonly used in the aquarium trade, are highly dimorphic. Sex is determined by a pair of ZW chromosomes, but the nature and extent of differentiation of these chromosomes is unknown. Here, we characterize the Z chromosome by detecting genomic regions that show lower genomic coverage in female than in male samples, and regions that harbor an excess of female-specific SNPs. We detect many Z-specific genes, which no longer have homologs on the W, but also Z-linked genes that appear to have diverged very recently from their existing W-linked homolog. We assess patterns of male and female expression in two tissues with extensive morphological dimorphism, gonads, and heads. In agreement with their morphology, sex-biased expression is common in both tissues. Interestingly, the Z chromosome is not enriched for sex-biased genes, and seems to in fact have a mechanism of dosage compensation that leads to equal expression in males and in females. Both of these patterns are contrary to most ZW systems studied so far, making A. franciscana an excellent model for investigating the interplay between the evolution of sexual dimorphism and dosage compensation, as well as Z chromosome evolution in general. Oxford University Press 2019-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6456005/ /pubmed/30865260 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz053 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Huylmans, Ann Kathrin
Toups, Melissa A
Macon, Ariana
Gammerdinger, William J
Vicoso, Beatriz
Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Dosage Compensation on the Artemia franciscana Z-Chromosome
title Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Dosage Compensation on the Artemia franciscana Z-Chromosome
title_full Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Dosage Compensation on the Artemia franciscana Z-Chromosome
title_fullStr Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Dosage Compensation on the Artemia franciscana Z-Chromosome
title_full_unstemmed Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Dosage Compensation on the Artemia franciscana Z-Chromosome
title_short Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Dosage Compensation on the Artemia franciscana Z-Chromosome
title_sort sex-biased gene expression and dosage compensation on the artemia franciscana z-chromosome
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6456005/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30865260
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz053
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