Risk factors for acquisition and mortality of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia: A retrospective study from a Chinese hospital

Bloodstream infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii has become a major clinical concern, especially multidrug-resistant A baumannii (MDRAB). The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors of nosocomial acquired MDRAB bacteremia and to determine the risk factors related to the mortality of patients with MDRAB bacteremia. Patients with nosocomial acquired A baumannii bacteremia were enrolled between January, 2013 and December, 2017 at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University. Medical records were reviewed, and the clinical and microbial characteristics were collected. Among the 338 patients suffering from A baumannii bacteremia, 274 patients were infected with MDRAB bacteremia. Bacteremia-related mortality was 46.4% for the overall sample; 56.2% for MDRAB bacteremia patients, 4.7% for non-MDRAB bacteremia patients. The identified risk factors for developing MDRAB bacteremia were previous exposure to carbapenems [odds ratio (OR) 5.78, P = .005] and penicillins+β-lactamase inhibitors (OR 4.29, P = .009). Primary bacteremia tended to develop non-MDR bacteremia (OR 0.10, P = .002). The risk factors for MDRAB bacteremia-related mortality were old age (OR 1.02, P = .036), a high Pitt bacteremia score (OR 1.32, P < .001), bacteremia occurring after severe pneumonia (OR 8.66, P < .001), while catheter-related infection (OR 0.47, P = .049) and operations for treating infection (OR 0.51, P = .043) may have a better outcome. Patients with MDRAB had a higher mortality rate. Patients with previous carbapenems and penicillins+β-lactamase inhibitor exposure are at an increased risk of MDRAB bacteremia, whereas patients with primary bacteremia tended to develop non-MDR bacteremia. The risk factors for MDRAB bacteremia-related mortality were old age, a high Pitt bacteremia score, and bacteremia occurring after severe pneumonia, whereas catheter-related infection and operations for the treatment of infection may have a better outcome.