Contribution of Zinc-Dependent Delayed Calcium Influx via TRPC5 in Oxidative Neuronal Death and its Prevention by Novel TRPC Antagonist

Oxidative stress is a key mediator of neuronal death in acute brain injuries, such as epilepsy, trauma, and stroke. Although it is accompanied by diverse cellular changes, increases in levels of intracellular zinc ion (Zn(2+)) and calcium ion (Ca(2+)) may play a critical causative role in oxidative neuronal death. However, the mechanistic link between Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis in neurons during oxidative stress is not well-understood. Here, we show that the exposure of cortical neurons to H(2)O(2) led to a zinc-triggered calcium influx, which resulted in neuronal death. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, NU6027, inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced Ca(2+) increases and subsequent cell death in cortical neurons, without affecting the early increase in Zn(2+). Therefore, we attempted to identify the zinc-regulated Ca(2+) pathway that was inhibited by NU6027. The expression profile in cortical neurons identified transient receptor potential cation channel 5 (TRPC5) as a candidate that is known to involve in the generation of epileptiform burst firing and epileptic neuronal death (Phelan KD et al. 2012a; Phelan KD et al. 2013b). NU6027 inhibited basal and zinc-augmented TRPC5 currents in TRPC5-overexpressing HEK293 cells. Consistently, cortical neurons from TRPC5 knockout mice were highly resistant to H(2)O(2)-induced death. Moreover, NU6027 is neuroprotective in kainate-treated epileptic rats. Our results demonstrate that TRPC5 is a novel therapeutic target against oxidative neuronal injury in prolonged seizures and that NU6027 is a potent inhibitor of TRPC5. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12035-018-1258-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.