The mode of anesthesia influences outcome in mouse models of arterial thrombosis

BACKGROUND: Arterial thrombosis models are important for preclinical evaluation of antithrombotics but how anesthetic protocol can influence experimental results is not studied. OBJECTIVES: We studied how three most commonly used rodent anesthetics affect the induction of thrombosis and thrombus resolution with antiplatelet agent integrilin (Eptifibatide). METHODS: The Folts, electrolytic, and FeCl(3) models of carotid artery thrombosis were evaluated. The extent of blood flow reduction required to elicit cyclic flow reductions (CFR) was examined in the Folts model. The occlusion time and stability following electrolytic or FeCl(3) injury was assessed. The efficacy of Eptifibatide was studied in each cohort and clot composition following FeCl(3) application was assessed histologically. RESULTS: Isoflurane and ketamine‐xylazine (ket‐x) elicited higher basal blood flow velocities. For reliable CFR in the Folts model, a higher degree of blood flow reduction was required under ket‐x and isoflurane. For the FeCl(3) and electrolytic models, injury severity had to be increased in mice under ket‐x anesthesia to achieve rapid occlusion. FeCl(3)‐injured artery sections from ket‐x and isoflurane‐treated mice showed vessel dilatation and clots that were more fibrin/red‐cell rich compared to pentobarbitone. Integrilin led to cycle abolishment for all three Folts‐injury cohorts but for the electrolytic model a 2.5‐fold higher dose was required to restore blood flow under pentobarbitone. Integrilin after FeCl(3) arterial injury was partially ineffective in isoflurane‐treated mice. CONCLUSIONS: Anesthesia impacts rodent carotid artery occlusion experiments and alters integrilin efficacy. It is important to consider anesthetic protocols in animal experiments involving pharmacological agents for treatment of atherothrombosis.