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Role of MicroRNAs in Treatment Response in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in men worldwide, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Depending on the grade and stage of the cancer, patients may be given radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or chemotherapy. However, more than half of these patients develop r...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Razdan, Anshuli, de Souza, Paul, Roberts, Tara Laurine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Bentham Science Publishers 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6463399/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644941
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009618666180315160125
Descripción
Sumario:Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in men worldwide, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Depending on the grade and stage of the cancer, patients may be given radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or chemotherapy. However, more than half of these patients develop resistance to treatment, leading to disease progression and metastases, often with lethal conse-quences. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs, which regulate numerous physiologi-cal as well as pathological processes, including cancer. miRNAs mediate their regulatory effect pre-dominately by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms by which miRNAs mediate resistance to radiation and drug therapy (i.e. hormone therapy and chemotherapy) in PCa, including control of apoptosis, cell growth and prolifera-tion, autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis, and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Furthermore, we will discuss the utility of circulating miRNAs isolated from different body fluids of prostate cancer patients as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer detection, disease pro-gression, and therapy response. Finally, we will shortlist the candidate miRNAs, which may have a role in drug and radioresistance, that could potentially be used as predictive biomarkers of treatment response.