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Analysis of State-Specific Differences in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Rural India
There is little research on state-level differences in child health outcomes in India. The aim of this study was to identify state-level characteristics that relate to childhood immunizations. Most state-level characteristics came from the 2011 Indian Census. Individual-level data and other state-le...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30813481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7010024 |
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author | Shrivastwa, Nijika Wagner, Abram L. Boulton, Matthew L. |
author_facet | Shrivastwa, Nijika Wagner, Abram L. Boulton, Matthew L. |
author_sort | Shrivastwa, Nijika |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is little research on state-level differences in child health outcomes in India. The aim of this study was to identify state-level characteristics that relate to childhood immunizations. Most state-level characteristics came from the 2011 Indian Census. Individual-level data and other state-level characteristics were obtained from the 2007–2008 District Level Household and Facility Survey. Predictors of full vaccination were assessed with logistic regression models. Among 86,882 children 12–36 months, 53.2% were fully vaccinated. Children living in bigger households (≥7 members), born in non-institutional settings, and female had lower odds of complete vaccination. Individuals living in states in the mid-range of poverty had lower odds of full vaccination compared to those in lower or higher poverty states (3rd vs. 1st quintile: odds ratio [OR]: 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30, 0.42). Greater average population per primary health center was associated with decreased odds of full vaccination (5th vs. 1st quintile: OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.47). Vaccination coverage in India can be explained by a complex interplay of individual- and state-level factors. Solutions to increasing vaccination must be multisectoral and acknowledge the cultural and socio-economic diversity that influences an individual child’s vaccination coverage along with within-state disparities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6466023 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64660232019-04-18 Analysis of State-Specific Differences in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Rural India Shrivastwa, Nijika Wagner, Abram L. Boulton, Matthew L. Vaccines (Basel) Article There is little research on state-level differences in child health outcomes in India. The aim of this study was to identify state-level characteristics that relate to childhood immunizations. Most state-level characteristics came from the 2011 Indian Census. Individual-level data and other state-level characteristics were obtained from the 2007–2008 District Level Household and Facility Survey. Predictors of full vaccination were assessed with logistic regression models. Among 86,882 children 12–36 months, 53.2% were fully vaccinated. Children living in bigger households (≥7 members), born in non-institutional settings, and female had lower odds of complete vaccination. Individuals living in states in the mid-range of poverty had lower odds of full vaccination compared to those in lower or higher poverty states (3rd vs. 1st quintile: odds ratio [OR]: 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30, 0.42). Greater average population per primary health center was associated with decreased odds of full vaccination (5th vs. 1st quintile: OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.47). Vaccination coverage in India can be explained by a complex interplay of individual- and state-level factors. Solutions to increasing vaccination must be multisectoral and acknowledge the cultural and socio-economic diversity that influences an individual child’s vaccination coverage along with within-state disparities. MDPI 2019-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6466023/ /pubmed/30813481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7010024 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shrivastwa, Nijika Wagner, Abram L. Boulton, Matthew L. Analysis of State-Specific Differences in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Rural India |
title | Analysis of State-Specific Differences in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Rural India |
title_full | Analysis of State-Specific Differences in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Rural India |
title_fullStr | Analysis of State-Specific Differences in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Rural India |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of State-Specific Differences in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Rural India |
title_short | Analysis of State-Specific Differences in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Rural India |
title_sort | analysis of state-specific differences in childhood vaccination coverage in rural india |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466023/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30813481 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7010024 |
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