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Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China

Indoor fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and its chemical composition is important for human exposure as people spend most of their time indoors. However, few studies have investigated the multiseasonal characteristics of indoor PM(2.5) and its chemical composition in China. In this study, the chemi...

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Autores principales: Cao, Guozhi, Bi, Jun, Ma, Zongwei, Shao, Zhijuan, Wang, Jinnan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466138/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30934562
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061066
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author Cao, Guozhi
Bi, Jun
Ma, Zongwei
Shao, Zhijuan
Wang, Jinnan
author_facet Cao, Guozhi
Bi, Jun
Ma, Zongwei
Shao, Zhijuan
Wang, Jinnan
author_sort Cao, Guozhi
collection PubMed
description Indoor fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and its chemical composition is important for human exposure as people spend most of their time indoors. However, few studies have investigated the multiseasonal characteristics of indoor PM(2.5) and its chemical composition in China. In this study, the chemical composition of PM(2.5) samples in residences was analyzed over four seasons in Nanjing, China. Indoor water-soluble ions exhibited similar seasonal variations (winter > autumn > summer > spring) to those from outdoors (winter > autumn > spring > summer) except in summer. Whereas, indoor metallic elements exhibited a different seasonal pattern from that of outdoors. The highest concentrations of indoor metallic elements were observed in summer when the outdoor concentrations were low. The different seasonal variations of the chemical composition between indoor and outdoor PM(2.5) indicated that people should consider both indoor and outdoor sources to reduce their exposure to air pollutants in different seasons. The carcinogenic risks for metallic elements were within the acceptable levels, while manganese (Mn) was found to have potential noncarcinogenic risk to humans. More attention should be paid to the pollution of Mn in the study area in the future. Moreover, the cumulative effect of noncarcinogenic PM(2.5)-bound elements should not be ignored.
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spelling pubmed-64661382019-04-22 Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China Cao, Guozhi Bi, Jun Ma, Zongwei Shao, Zhijuan Wang, Jinnan Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Indoor fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and its chemical composition is important for human exposure as people spend most of their time indoors. However, few studies have investigated the multiseasonal characteristics of indoor PM(2.5) and its chemical composition in China. In this study, the chemical composition of PM(2.5) samples in residences was analyzed over four seasons in Nanjing, China. Indoor water-soluble ions exhibited similar seasonal variations (winter > autumn > summer > spring) to those from outdoors (winter > autumn > spring > summer) except in summer. Whereas, indoor metallic elements exhibited a different seasonal pattern from that of outdoors. The highest concentrations of indoor metallic elements were observed in summer when the outdoor concentrations were low. The different seasonal variations of the chemical composition between indoor and outdoor PM(2.5) indicated that people should consider both indoor and outdoor sources to reduce their exposure to air pollutants in different seasons. The carcinogenic risks for metallic elements were within the acceptable levels, while manganese (Mn) was found to have potential noncarcinogenic risk to humans. More attention should be paid to the pollution of Mn in the study area in the future. Moreover, the cumulative effect of noncarcinogenic PM(2.5)-bound elements should not be ignored. MDPI 2019-03-25 2019-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6466138/ /pubmed/30934562 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061066 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cao, Guozhi
Bi, Jun
Ma, Zongwei
Shao, Zhijuan
Wang, Jinnan
Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China
title Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China
title_full Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China
title_fullStr Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China
title_full_unstemmed Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China
title_short Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China
title_sort seasonal characteristics of the chemical composition of fine particles in residences of nanjing, china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466138/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30934562
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061066
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