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Analysis of the Effect of Concentrations of Four Whitening Products in Cover Transmissivity of Mediterranean Greenhouses
The present work analyses the traditional method of applying whitening products on Mediterranean greenhouses. Four commercial whitening products (agricultural solar protectors, ASPs), applied at four doses, were compared with a non-whitened cover. The traditional product “Blanco de España” with 99%...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466157/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30889798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060958 |
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author | López-Martínez, Alejandro Valera-Martínez, Diego Luis Molina-Aiz, Francisco Domingo Moreno-Teruel, María de los Ángeles Peña-Fernández, Araceli Espinoza-Ramos, Karlos Emmanuel |
author_facet | López-Martínez, Alejandro Valera-Martínez, Diego Luis Molina-Aiz, Francisco Domingo Moreno-Teruel, María de los Ángeles Peña-Fernández, Araceli Espinoza-Ramos, Karlos Emmanuel |
author_sort | López-Martínez, Alejandro |
collection | PubMed |
description | The present work analyses the traditional method of applying whitening products on Mediterranean greenhouses. Four commercial whitening products (agricultural solar protectors, ASPs), applied at four doses, were compared with a non-whitened cover. The traditional product “Blanco de España” with 99% calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) and other three products with 97% CaCO(3) that incorporate adhesives were tested. The use of adhesives in ASP did not influence the effect of the different products on the inside temperature, and at the same dose all four products show a similar behaviour. The findings support the maximum dose recommended by other authors of 0.50 kg L(−1) (50/100), above which the transmissivity of the greenhouse cover decreases by over 50%. The effect of ASP on the transmissivity of the cover depends principally on the dose applied, but also on the climatic conditions (solar radiation, cloud cover, etc.) and on the time of year (solar elevation). The habitual use of a constant dose throughout the year does not seem to be the most adequate. Recommended doses should vary according to the time of year and the desired degree of transmissivity reduction. The adhesive components are shown to provide a high degree of protection against heavy rain. The study recommends a standardised method of ASP application, establishing a method that allows the grower to verify the concentration of the product that will remain on the greenhouse cover. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6466157 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64661572019-04-22 Analysis of the Effect of Concentrations of Four Whitening Products in Cover Transmissivity of Mediterranean Greenhouses López-Martínez, Alejandro Valera-Martínez, Diego Luis Molina-Aiz, Francisco Domingo Moreno-Teruel, María de los Ángeles Peña-Fernández, Araceli Espinoza-Ramos, Karlos Emmanuel Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The present work analyses the traditional method of applying whitening products on Mediterranean greenhouses. Four commercial whitening products (agricultural solar protectors, ASPs), applied at four doses, were compared with a non-whitened cover. The traditional product “Blanco de España” with 99% calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) and other three products with 97% CaCO(3) that incorporate adhesives were tested. The use of adhesives in ASP did not influence the effect of the different products on the inside temperature, and at the same dose all four products show a similar behaviour. The findings support the maximum dose recommended by other authors of 0.50 kg L(−1) (50/100), above which the transmissivity of the greenhouse cover decreases by over 50%. The effect of ASP on the transmissivity of the cover depends principally on the dose applied, but also on the climatic conditions (solar radiation, cloud cover, etc.) and on the time of year (solar elevation). The habitual use of a constant dose throughout the year does not seem to be the most adequate. Recommended doses should vary according to the time of year and the desired degree of transmissivity reduction. The adhesive components are shown to provide a high degree of protection against heavy rain. The study recommends a standardised method of ASP application, establishing a method that allows the grower to verify the concentration of the product that will remain on the greenhouse cover. MDPI 2019-03-18 2019-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6466157/ /pubmed/30889798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060958 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article López-Martínez, Alejandro Valera-Martínez, Diego Luis Molina-Aiz, Francisco Domingo Moreno-Teruel, María de los Ángeles Peña-Fernández, Araceli Espinoza-Ramos, Karlos Emmanuel Analysis of the Effect of Concentrations of Four Whitening Products in Cover Transmissivity of Mediterranean Greenhouses |
title | Analysis of the Effect of Concentrations of Four Whitening Products in Cover Transmissivity of Mediterranean Greenhouses |
title_full | Analysis of the Effect of Concentrations of Four Whitening Products in Cover Transmissivity of Mediterranean Greenhouses |
title_fullStr | Analysis of the Effect of Concentrations of Four Whitening Products in Cover Transmissivity of Mediterranean Greenhouses |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Effect of Concentrations of Four Whitening Products in Cover Transmissivity of Mediterranean Greenhouses |
title_short | Analysis of the Effect of Concentrations of Four Whitening Products in Cover Transmissivity of Mediterranean Greenhouses |
title_sort | analysis of the effect of concentrations of four whitening products in cover transmissivity of mediterranean greenhouses |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466157/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30889798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060958 |
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