Cargando…
Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment
Brain organoids have recently emerged as a three-dimensional tissue culture platform to study the principles of neurodevelopment and morphogenesis. Importantly, brain organoids can be derived from human stem cells, and thus offer a model system for early human brain development and human specific di...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466401/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30669275 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6010009 |
_version_ | 1783411100680716288 |
---|---|
author | Karzbrun, Eyal Reiner, Orly |
author_facet | Karzbrun, Eyal Reiner, Orly |
author_sort | Karzbrun, Eyal |
collection | PubMed |
description | Brain organoids have recently emerged as a three-dimensional tissue culture platform to study the principles of neurodevelopment and morphogenesis. Importantly, brain organoids can be derived from human stem cells, and thus offer a model system for early human brain development and human specific disorders. However, there are still major differences between the in vitro systems and in vivo development. This is in part due to the challenge of engineering a suitable culture platform that will support proper development. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences of human brain organoid systems in comparison to embryonic development. We then describe how organoids are used to model neurodevelopmental diseases. Finally, we describe challenges in organoid systems and how to approach these challenges using complementary bioengineering techniques. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6466401 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64664012019-04-19 Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment Karzbrun, Eyal Reiner, Orly Bioengineering (Basel) Review Brain organoids have recently emerged as a three-dimensional tissue culture platform to study the principles of neurodevelopment and morphogenesis. Importantly, brain organoids can be derived from human stem cells, and thus offer a model system for early human brain development and human specific disorders. However, there are still major differences between the in vitro systems and in vivo development. This is in part due to the challenge of engineering a suitable culture platform that will support proper development. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences of human brain organoid systems in comparison to embryonic development. We then describe how organoids are used to model neurodevelopmental diseases. Finally, we describe challenges in organoid systems and how to approach these challenges using complementary bioengineering techniques. MDPI 2019-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6466401/ /pubmed/30669275 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6010009 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Karzbrun, Eyal Reiner, Orly Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment |
title | Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment |
title_full | Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment |
title_fullStr | Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment |
title_full_unstemmed | Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment |
title_short | Brain Organoids—A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment |
title_sort | brain organoids—a bottom-up approach for studying human neurodevelopment |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466401/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30669275 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6010009 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT karzbruneyal brainorganoidsabottomupapproachforstudyinghumanneurodevelopment AT reinerorly brainorganoidsabottomupapproachforstudyinghumanneurodevelopment |