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Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies

There is broad scientific and societal consensus that finding a cure for HIV infection must be pursued. The major barrier to achieving a cure for HIV/AIDS is the capacity of the HIV virus to avoid both immune surveillance and current antiretroviral therapy (ART) by rapidly establishing latently infe...

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Autores principales: Delannoy, Aurélie, Poirier, Mikaël, Bell, Brendan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466452/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30889861
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11030269
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author Delannoy, Aurélie
Poirier, Mikaël
Bell, Brendan
author_facet Delannoy, Aurélie
Poirier, Mikaël
Bell, Brendan
author_sort Delannoy, Aurélie
collection PubMed
description There is broad scientific and societal consensus that finding a cure for HIV infection must be pursued. The major barrier to achieving a cure for HIV/AIDS is the capacity of the HIV virus to avoid both immune surveillance and current antiretroviral therapy (ART) by rapidly establishing latently infected cell populations, termed latent reservoirs. Here, we provide an overview of the rapidly evolving field of HIV cure/remission research, highlighting recent progress and ongoing challenges in the understanding of HIV reservoirs, the role of HIV transcription in latency and immune evasion. We review the major approaches towards a cure that are currently being explored and further argue that small molecules that inhibit HIV transcription, and therefore uncouple HIV gene expression from signals sent by the host immune response, might be a particularly promising approach to attain a cure or remission. We emphasize that a better understanding of the game of “cat and mouse” between the host immune system and the HIV virus is a crucial knowledge gap to be filled in both cure and vaccine research.
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spelling pubmed-64664522019-04-18 Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies Delannoy, Aurélie Poirier, Mikaël Bell, Brendan Viruses Review There is broad scientific and societal consensus that finding a cure for HIV infection must be pursued. The major barrier to achieving a cure for HIV/AIDS is the capacity of the HIV virus to avoid both immune surveillance and current antiretroviral therapy (ART) by rapidly establishing latently infected cell populations, termed latent reservoirs. Here, we provide an overview of the rapidly evolving field of HIV cure/remission research, highlighting recent progress and ongoing challenges in the understanding of HIV reservoirs, the role of HIV transcription in latency and immune evasion. We review the major approaches towards a cure that are currently being explored and further argue that small molecules that inhibit HIV transcription, and therefore uncouple HIV gene expression from signals sent by the host immune response, might be a particularly promising approach to attain a cure or remission. We emphasize that a better understanding of the game of “cat and mouse” between the host immune system and the HIV virus is a crucial knowledge gap to be filled in both cure and vaccine research. MDPI 2019-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6466452/ /pubmed/30889861 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11030269 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Delannoy, Aurélie
Poirier, Mikaël
Bell, Brendan
Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies
title Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies
title_full Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies
title_fullStr Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies
title_short Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies
title_sort cat and mouse: hiv transcription in latency, immune evasion and cure/remission strategies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466452/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30889861
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11030269
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