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Molecular characterization of nodule worm in a community of Bornean primates

Strongyles are commonly reported parasites in studies of primate parasite biodiversity. Among them, nodule worm species are often overlooked as a serious concern despite having been observed to cause serious disease in nonhuman primates and humans. In this study, we investigated whether strongyles f...

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Autores principales: Frias, Liesbeth, Stark, Danica J., Salgado Lynn, Milena, Nathan, Senthilvel, Goossens, Benoit, Okamoto, Munehiro, MacIntosh, Andrew J. J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6468080/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31015978
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5022
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author Frias, Liesbeth
Stark, Danica J.
Salgado Lynn, Milena
Nathan, Senthilvel
Goossens, Benoit
Okamoto, Munehiro
MacIntosh, Andrew J. J.
author_facet Frias, Liesbeth
Stark, Danica J.
Salgado Lynn, Milena
Nathan, Senthilvel
Goossens, Benoit
Okamoto, Munehiro
MacIntosh, Andrew J. J.
author_sort Frias, Liesbeth
collection PubMed
description Strongyles are commonly reported parasites in studies of primate parasite biodiversity. Among them, nodule worm species are often overlooked as a serious concern despite having been observed to cause serious disease in nonhuman primates and humans. In this study, we investigated whether strongyles found in Bornean primates are the nodule worm Oesophagostomum spp., and to what extent these parasites are shared among members of the community. To test this, we propose two hypotheses that use the parasite genetic structure to infer transmission processes within the community. In the first scenario, the absence of parasite genetic substructuring would reflect high levels of parasite transmission among primate hosts, as primates’ home ranges overlap in the study area. In the second scenario, the presence of parasite substructuring would suggest cryptic diversity within the parasite genus and the existence of phylogenetic barriers to cross‐species transmission. By using molecular markers, we identify strongyles infecting this primate community as O. aculeatum, the only species of nodule worm currently known to infect Asian nonhuman primates. Furthermore, the little to no genetic substructuring supports a scenario with no phylogenetic barriers to transmission and where host movements across the landscape would enable gene flow between host populations. This work shows that the parasite's high adaptability could act as a buffer against local parasite extinctions. Surveys targeting human populations living in close proximity to nonhuman primates could help clarify whether this species of nodule worm presents the zoonotic potential found in the other two species infecting African nonhuman primates.
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spelling pubmed-64680802019-04-23 Molecular characterization of nodule worm in a community of Bornean primates Frias, Liesbeth Stark, Danica J. Salgado Lynn, Milena Nathan, Senthilvel Goossens, Benoit Okamoto, Munehiro MacIntosh, Andrew J. J. Ecol Evol Original Research Strongyles are commonly reported parasites in studies of primate parasite biodiversity. Among them, nodule worm species are often overlooked as a serious concern despite having been observed to cause serious disease in nonhuman primates and humans. In this study, we investigated whether strongyles found in Bornean primates are the nodule worm Oesophagostomum spp., and to what extent these parasites are shared among members of the community. To test this, we propose two hypotheses that use the parasite genetic structure to infer transmission processes within the community. In the first scenario, the absence of parasite genetic substructuring would reflect high levels of parasite transmission among primate hosts, as primates’ home ranges overlap in the study area. In the second scenario, the presence of parasite substructuring would suggest cryptic diversity within the parasite genus and the existence of phylogenetic barriers to cross‐species transmission. By using molecular markers, we identify strongyles infecting this primate community as O. aculeatum, the only species of nodule worm currently known to infect Asian nonhuman primates. Furthermore, the little to no genetic substructuring supports a scenario with no phylogenetic barriers to transmission and where host movements across the landscape would enable gene flow between host populations. This work shows that the parasite's high adaptability could act as a buffer against local parasite extinctions. Surveys targeting human populations living in close proximity to nonhuman primates could help clarify whether this species of nodule worm presents the zoonotic potential found in the other two species infecting African nonhuman primates. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6468080/ /pubmed/31015978 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5022 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Frias, Liesbeth
Stark, Danica J.
Salgado Lynn, Milena
Nathan, Senthilvel
Goossens, Benoit
Okamoto, Munehiro
MacIntosh, Andrew J. J.
Molecular characterization of nodule worm in a community of Bornean primates
title Molecular characterization of nodule worm in a community of Bornean primates
title_full Molecular characterization of nodule worm in a community of Bornean primates
title_fullStr Molecular characterization of nodule worm in a community of Bornean primates
title_full_unstemmed Molecular characterization of nodule worm in a community of Bornean primates
title_short Molecular characterization of nodule worm in a community of Bornean primates
title_sort molecular characterization of nodule worm in a community of bornean primates
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6468080/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31015978
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5022
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