Selective purging of human multiple myeloma cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a preliminary study

BACKGROUND: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation are standards of therapy for patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The purging process to remove contaminating residual myeloma cells could improve patient outcomes. In this study, a purging method of human multiple myeloma cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The human myeloma cell line RPMI-8226 (Seoul, Korea) was treated with bortezomib (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) or lenalidomide (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The mixture of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell line PCS-800-011 (ATCC, USA) and RPMI-8226 was treated with bortezomib or lenalidomide for 24 hours. The efficacy of purging myeloma cells was evaluated by 8-color flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The cytotoxicity of bortezomib (10–160 nmol/L) and lenalidomide (200–3,200 nmol/L) was investigated on RPMI-8226 myeloma cell line. A 24-hour incubation with bortezomib at 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 nmol/L induced 5.45%±0.07%, 47.15%±1.20%, 57.15%±0.21%, 72.35%±0.07%, and 84.75%±0.49% growth inhibition in RPMI-8226 cells, respectively. A 24-hour incubation with lenalidomide at 200, 400, 800, 1,600, and 3,200 nmol/L induced 5.45%±0.07%, 7.55%±0.07%, 9.75%±0.35%, 18.25%±0.21%, and 39.75%±0.78% growth inhibition in RPMI-8226 cells, respectively. Bortezomib (40 nmol/L, 24 hours) and lenalidomide (3,200 nmol/L, 24 hours) effectively removed CD38(+)CD138(+) cells from peripheral mononuclear cells. RPMI-8226 cells showed abberant phenotype CD56(+)/CD45(−). CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrated that the bortezomib and lenalidomide treatment in RPMI-8226 multiple myeloma cells effectively removed the contaminated plasma cells.