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Phytochemical Background Mediates Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Western Flower Thrips

Plants produce an extremely diverse array of metabolites that mediate many aspects of plant-environment interactions. In the context of plant-herbivore interactions, it is as yet poorly understood how natural backgrounds shape the bioactivity of individual metabolites. We tested the effects of a met...

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Autores principales: Liu, Xiaojie, Vrieling, Klaas, Klinkhamer, Peter G. L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469620/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30221331
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-018-1009-2
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author Liu, Xiaojie
Vrieling, Klaas
Klinkhamer, Peter G. L.
author_facet Liu, Xiaojie
Vrieling, Klaas
Klinkhamer, Peter G. L.
author_sort Liu, Xiaojie
collection PubMed
description Plants produce an extremely diverse array of metabolites that mediate many aspects of plant-environment interactions. In the context of plant-herbivore interactions, it is as yet poorly understood how natural backgrounds shape the bioactivity of individual metabolites. We tested the effects of a methanol extract of Jacobaea plants and five fractions derived from this extract, on survival of western flower thrips (WFT). When added to an artificial diet, the five fractions all resulted in a higher WFT survival rate than the methanol extract. In addition, their expected combined effect on survival, assuming no interaction between them, was lower than that of the methanol extract. The bioactivity was restored when the fractions were combined again in their original proportion. These results strongly suggest synergistic interactions among the fractions on WFT survival rates. We then tested the effects of two pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), free base retrorsine and retrorsine N-oxide, alone and in combination with the five shoot fractions on WFT survival. The magnitude of the effects of the two PAs depended on the fraction to which they were added. In general, free base retrorsine was more potent than retrorsine N-oxide, but this was contingent on the fraction to which these compounds were added. Our results support the commonly held, though seldom tested, notion that the efficacy of plant metabolites with respect to plant defence is dependent on their phytochemical background. It also shows that the assessment of bioactivity cannot be decoupled from the natural chemical background in which these metabolites occur. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10886-018-1009-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-64696202019-05-03 Phytochemical Background Mediates Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Western Flower Thrips Liu, Xiaojie Vrieling, Klaas Klinkhamer, Peter G. L. J Chem Ecol Article Plants produce an extremely diverse array of metabolites that mediate many aspects of plant-environment interactions. In the context of plant-herbivore interactions, it is as yet poorly understood how natural backgrounds shape the bioactivity of individual metabolites. We tested the effects of a methanol extract of Jacobaea plants and five fractions derived from this extract, on survival of western flower thrips (WFT). When added to an artificial diet, the five fractions all resulted in a higher WFT survival rate than the methanol extract. In addition, their expected combined effect on survival, assuming no interaction between them, was lower than that of the methanol extract. The bioactivity was restored when the fractions were combined again in their original proportion. These results strongly suggest synergistic interactions among the fractions on WFT survival rates. We then tested the effects of two pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), free base retrorsine and retrorsine N-oxide, alone and in combination with the five shoot fractions on WFT survival. The magnitude of the effects of the two PAs depended on the fraction to which they were added. In general, free base retrorsine was more potent than retrorsine N-oxide, but this was contingent on the fraction to which these compounds were added. Our results support the commonly held, though seldom tested, notion that the efficacy of plant metabolites with respect to plant defence is dependent on their phytochemical background. It also shows that the assessment of bioactivity cannot be decoupled from the natural chemical background in which these metabolites occur. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10886-018-1009-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer US 2018-09-16 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6469620/ /pubmed/30221331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-018-1009-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Xiaojie
Vrieling, Klaas
Klinkhamer, Peter G. L.
Phytochemical Background Mediates Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Western Flower Thrips
title Phytochemical Background Mediates Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Western Flower Thrips
title_full Phytochemical Background Mediates Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Western Flower Thrips
title_fullStr Phytochemical Background Mediates Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Western Flower Thrips
title_full_unstemmed Phytochemical Background Mediates Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Western Flower Thrips
title_short Phytochemical Background Mediates Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Western Flower Thrips
title_sort phytochemical background mediates effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids on western flower thrips
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469620/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30221331
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-018-1009-2
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