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A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice

The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of the immunological activity of various parts (root/stem/leaf/flower/seed) of five-year-old ginseng on the immune system of immunosuppressive mice. Immunosuppression was induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in the mouse model, whereas levam...

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Autores principales: Chen, Li-xue, Qi, Yu-li, Qi, Zeng, Gao, Kun, Gong, Rui-ze, Shao, Zi-jun, Liu, Song-xin, Li, Shan-shan, Sun, Yin-shi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470474/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30897728
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061096
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author Chen, Li-xue
Qi, Yu-li
Qi, Zeng
Gao, Kun
Gong, Rui-ze
Shao, Zi-jun
Liu, Song-xin
Li, Shan-shan
Sun, Yin-shi
author_facet Chen, Li-xue
Qi, Yu-li
Qi, Zeng
Gao, Kun
Gong, Rui-ze
Shao, Zi-jun
Liu, Song-xin
Li, Shan-shan
Sun, Yin-shi
author_sort Chen, Li-xue
collection PubMed
description The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of the immunological activity of various parts (root/stem/leaf/flower/seed) of five-year-old ginseng on the immune system of immunosuppressive mice. Immunosuppression was induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in the mouse model, whereas levamisole hydrochloride tablet (LTH) was used for the positive control group. We found that ginseng root (GRT), ginseng leaf (GLF), and ginseng flower (GFR) could relieve immunosuppression by increased viability of NK cells, enhanced immune organ index, improved cell-mediated immune response, increased content of CD4(+) and ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+), and recovery of macrophage function, including carbon clearance, phagocytic rate, and phagocytic index, in immunodeficient mice. However, ginseng stem (GSM) and ginseng seed (GSD) could only enhance the thymus indices, carbon clearance, splenocyte proliferation, NK cell activities, and the level of IL-4 in immunosuppressed mice. In CTX-injected mice, GRT and GFR remarkably increased the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT in the spleen. As expected, oral administration of GRT and GFR markedly enhanced the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, compared with the CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, and GRT and GFR did this relatively better than GSM, GLF, and GSD. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on different parts of ginseng.
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spelling pubmed-64704742019-04-26 A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice Chen, Li-xue Qi, Yu-li Qi, Zeng Gao, Kun Gong, Rui-ze Shao, Zi-jun Liu, Song-xin Li, Shan-shan Sun, Yin-shi Molecules Article The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of the immunological activity of various parts (root/stem/leaf/flower/seed) of five-year-old ginseng on the immune system of immunosuppressive mice. Immunosuppression was induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in the mouse model, whereas levamisole hydrochloride tablet (LTH) was used for the positive control group. We found that ginseng root (GRT), ginseng leaf (GLF), and ginseng flower (GFR) could relieve immunosuppression by increased viability of NK cells, enhanced immune organ index, improved cell-mediated immune response, increased content of CD4(+) and ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+), and recovery of macrophage function, including carbon clearance, phagocytic rate, and phagocytic index, in immunodeficient mice. However, ginseng stem (GSM) and ginseng seed (GSD) could only enhance the thymus indices, carbon clearance, splenocyte proliferation, NK cell activities, and the level of IL-4 in immunosuppressed mice. In CTX-injected mice, GRT and GFR remarkably increased the protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT in the spleen. As expected, oral administration of GRT and GFR markedly enhanced the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, compared with the CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, and GRT and GFR did this relatively better than GSM, GLF, and GSD. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on different parts of ginseng. MDPI 2019-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6470474/ /pubmed/30897728 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061096 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Li-xue
Qi, Yu-li
Qi, Zeng
Gao, Kun
Gong, Rui-ze
Shao, Zi-jun
Liu, Song-xin
Li, Shan-shan
Sun, Yin-shi
A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice
title A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice
title_full A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice
title_fullStr A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice
title_full_unstemmed A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice
title_short A Comparative Study on the Effects of Different Parts of Panax ginseng on the Immune Activity of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice
title_sort comparative study on the effects of different parts of panax ginseng on the immune activity of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6470474/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30897728
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061096
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