Cargando…
Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia
Preschool children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are highly exposed to influenza viruses. Factors related to infections, nutrition, and environmental conditions that might explain the burden of influenza among these children were investigated. Ninety-five preschool children, 48 girls and 47 boys, were f...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471093/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866564 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030575 |
_version_ | 1783411947365990400 |
---|---|
author | Bodin, Johanna Mihret, Adane Holm-Hansen, Carol Dembinski, Jennifer L. Trieu, Mai-Chi Tessema, Bamlak Tarekegne, Azeb Yimer, Solomon A. Cox, Rebecca Aseffa, Abraham Haneberg, Bjørn Mjaaland, Siri |
author_facet | Bodin, Johanna Mihret, Adane Holm-Hansen, Carol Dembinski, Jennifer L. Trieu, Mai-Chi Tessema, Bamlak Tarekegne, Azeb Yimer, Solomon A. Cox, Rebecca Aseffa, Abraham Haneberg, Bjørn Mjaaland, Siri |
author_sort | Bodin, Johanna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Preschool children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are highly exposed to influenza viruses. Factors related to infections, nutrition, and environmental conditions that might explain the burden of influenza among these children were investigated. Ninety-five preschool children, 48 girls and 47 boys, were followed clinically for 12 months. Illness and immune responses to influenza; three other respiratory viruses; five airway pathogenic bacteria; and levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 were assessed. Most of the children had antibodies to numerous respiratory viral and bacterial agents at study start, and many were infected during follow-up. Twenty-five girls and 25 boys fell ill during the study, and were treated with one or more courses of systemic antimicrobials. Ninety percent of both girls and boys had 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels below the recommended levels. While there was no overall difference in the levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 between girls and boys, treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than non-treated girls and treated boys. There was a considerable number of short for age children, but only the short treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than the non-treated children. Preschool girls with low 25(OH)D levels were more vulnerable to pathogenic microbes than boys. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6471093 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64710932019-04-25 Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia Bodin, Johanna Mihret, Adane Holm-Hansen, Carol Dembinski, Jennifer L. Trieu, Mai-Chi Tessema, Bamlak Tarekegne, Azeb Yimer, Solomon A. Cox, Rebecca Aseffa, Abraham Haneberg, Bjørn Mjaaland, Siri Nutrients Article Preschool children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are highly exposed to influenza viruses. Factors related to infections, nutrition, and environmental conditions that might explain the burden of influenza among these children were investigated. Ninety-five preschool children, 48 girls and 47 boys, were followed clinically for 12 months. Illness and immune responses to influenza; three other respiratory viruses; five airway pathogenic bacteria; and levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 were assessed. Most of the children had antibodies to numerous respiratory viral and bacterial agents at study start, and many were infected during follow-up. Twenty-five girls and 25 boys fell ill during the study, and were treated with one or more courses of systemic antimicrobials. Ninety percent of both girls and boys had 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels below the recommended levels. While there was no overall difference in the levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 between girls and boys, treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than non-treated girls and treated boys. There was a considerable number of short for age children, but only the short treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than the non-treated children. Preschool girls with low 25(OH)D levels were more vulnerable to pathogenic microbes than boys. MDPI 2019-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6471093/ /pubmed/30866564 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030575 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bodin, Johanna Mihret, Adane Holm-Hansen, Carol Dembinski, Jennifer L. Trieu, Mai-Chi Tessema, Bamlak Tarekegne, Azeb Yimer, Solomon A. Cox, Rebecca Aseffa, Abraham Haneberg, Bjørn Mjaaland, Siri Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia |
title | Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia |
title_full | Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia |
title_fullStr | Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia |
title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia |
title_short | Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia |
title_sort | vitamin d deficiency is associated with increased use of antimicrobials among preschool girls in ethiopia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471093/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866564 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030575 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bodinjohanna vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT mihretadane vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT holmhansencarol vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT dembinskijenniferl vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT trieumaichi vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT tessemabamlak vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT tarekegneazeb vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT yimersolomona vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT coxrebecca vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT aseffaabraham vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT hanebergbjørn vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia AT mjaalandsiri vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia |