Cargando…

Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia

Preschool children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are highly exposed to influenza viruses. Factors related to infections, nutrition, and environmental conditions that might explain the burden of influenza among these children were investigated. Ninety-five preschool children, 48 girls and 47 boys, were f...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bodin, Johanna, Mihret, Adane, Holm-Hansen, Carol, Dembinski, Jennifer L., Trieu, Mai-Chi, Tessema, Bamlak, Tarekegne, Azeb, Yimer, Solomon A., Cox, Rebecca, Aseffa, Abraham, Haneberg, Bjørn, Mjaaland, Siri
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471093/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866564
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030575
_version_ 1783411947365990400
author Bodin, Johanna
Mihret, Adane
Holm-Hansen, Carol
Dembinski, Jennifer L.
Trieu, Mai-Chi
Tessema, Bamlak
Tarekegne, Azeb
Yimer, Solomon A.
Cox, Rebecca
Aseffa, Abraham
Haneberg, Bjørn
Mjaaland, Siri
author_facet Bodin, Johanna
Mihret, Adane
Holm-Hansen, Carol
Dembinski, Jennifer L.
Trieu, Mai-Chi
Tessema, Bamlak
Tarekegne, Azeb
Yimer, Solomon A.
Cox, Rebecca
Aseffa, Abraham
Haneberg, Bjørn
Mjaaland, Siri
author_sort Bodin, Johanna
collection PubMed
description Preschool children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are highly exposed to influenza viruses. Factors related to infections, nutrition, and environmental conditions that might explain the burden of influenza among these children were investigated. Ninety-five preschool children, 48 girls and 47 boys, were followed clinically for 12 months. Illness and immune responses to influenza; three other respiratory viruses; five airway pathogenic bacteria; and levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 were assessed. Most of the children had antibodies to numerous respiratory viral and bacterial agents at study start, and many were infected during follow-up. Twenty-five girls and 25 boys fell ill during the study, and were treated with one or more courses of systemic antimicrobials. Ninety percent of both girls and boys had 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels below the recommended levels. While there was no overall difference in the levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 between girls and boys, treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than non-treated girls and treated boys. There was a considerable number of short for age children, but only the short treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than the non-treated children. Preschool girls with low 25(OH)D levels were more vulnerable to pathogenic microbes than boys.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6471093
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-64710932019-04-25 Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia Bodin, Johanna Mihret, Adane Holm-Hansen, Carol Dembinski, Jennifer L. Trieu, Mai-Chi Tessema, Bamlak Tarekegne, Azeb Yimer, Solomon A. Cox, Rebecca Aseffa, Abraham Haneberg, Bjørn Mjaaland, Siri Nutrients Article Preschool children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are highly exposed to influenza viruses. Factors related to infections, nutrition, and environmental conditions that might explain the burden of influenza among these children were investigated. Ninety-five preschool children, 48 girls and 47 boys, were followed clinically for 12 months. Illness and immune responses to influenza; three other respiratory viruses; five airway pathogenic bacteria; and levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 were assessed. Most of the children had antibodies to numerous respiratory viral and bacterial agents at study start, and many were infected during follow-up. Twenty-five girls and 25 boys fell ill during the study, and were treated with one or more courses of systemic antimicrobials. Ninety percent of both girls and boys had 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels below the recommended levels. While there was no overall difference in the levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 between girls and boys, treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than non-treated girls and treated boys. There was a considerable number of short for age children, but only the short treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than the non-treated children. Preschool girls with low 25(OH)D levels were more vulnerable to pathogenic microbes than boys. MDPI 2019-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6471093/ /pubmed/30866564 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030575 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bodin, Johanna
Mihret, Adane
Holm-Hansen, Carol
Dembinski, Jennifer L.
Trieu, Mai-Chi
Tessema, Bamlak
Tarekegne, Azeb
Yimer, Solomon A.
Cox, Rebecca
Aseffa, Abraham
Haneberg, Bjørn
Mjaaland, Siri
Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia
title Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia
title_full Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia
title_fullStr Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia
title_short Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia
title_sort vitamin d deficiency is associated with increased use of antimicrobials among preschool girls in ethiopia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471093/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866564
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030575
work_keys_str_mv AT bodinjohanna vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT mihretadane vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT holmhansencarol vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT dembinskijenniferl vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT trieumaichi vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT tessemabamlak vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT tarekegneazeb vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT yimersolomona vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT coxrebecca vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT aseffaabraham vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT hanebergbjørn vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia
AT mjaalandsiri vitaminddeficiencyisassociatedwithincreaseduseofantimicrobialsamongpreschoolgirlsinethiopia