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Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study
The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between consumption of different types of carbohydrates (CHO) during pregnancy and the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn. A retrospective matched case–control design was carried out with a total of 518 mother-offspring...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30823429 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030523 |
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author | Amezcua-Prieto, Carmen Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi Olmedo-Requena, Rocío Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel |
author_facet | Amezcua-Prieto, Carmen Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi Olmedo-Requena, Rocío Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel |
author_sort | Amezcua-Prieto, Carmen |
collection | PubMed |
description | The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between consumption of different types of carbohydrates (CHO) during pregnancy and the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn. A retrospective matched case–control design was carried out with a total of 518 mother-offspring pairs. A total of 137 validated items were included in the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Having more than 75 g/day of brown bread showed an inverse association with SGA (aOR = 0.64, CI 0.43–0.96). In contrast, an intake of industrial sweets more than once a day (aOR = 2.70, CI 1.42–5.13), or even 2–6 times a week (aOR = 1.84, CI 1.20–2.82), increased the odds of having a SGA newborn. During pregnancy, the higher the increase of wholegrain cereal and bread, the lower the possibility of having a SGA newborn, but the opposite occurred with refined sugar products—just consuming industrial bakery products or pastries twice a week increased the odds of having an SGA infant. Case–control studies cannot verify causality and only show associations, which may reflect residual confusion due to the presence of unknown factors. It is possible that a high consumption of sugary foods is a marker of a generally poor lifestyle. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6471256 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64712562019-04-25 Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study Amezcua-Prieto, Carmen Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi Olmedo-Requena, Rocío Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel Nutrients Article The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between consumption of different types of carbohydrates (CHO) during pregnancy and the risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn. A retrospective matched case–control design was carried out with a total of 518 mother-offspring pairs. A total of 137 validated items were included in the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Having more than 75 g/day of brown bread showed an inverse association with SGA (aOR = 0.64, CI 0.43–0.96). In contrast, an intake of industrial sweets more than once a day (aOR = 2.70, CI 1.42–5.13), or even 2–6 times a week (aOR = 1.84, CI 1.20–2.82), increased the odds of having a SGA newborn. During pregnancy, the higher the increase of wholegrain cereal and bread, the lower the possibility of having a SGA newborn, but the opposite occurred with refined sugar products—just consuming industrial bakery products or pastries twice a week increased the odds of having an SGA infant. Case–control studies cannot verify causality and only show associations, which may reflect residual confusion due to the presence of unknown factors. It is possible that a high consumption of sugary foods is a marker of a generally poor lifestyle. MDPI 2019-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6471256/ /pubmed/30823429 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030523 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Amezcua-Prieto, Carmen Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi Olmedo-Requena, Rocío Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study |
title | Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study |
title_full | Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study |
title_fullStr | Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study |
title_short | Types of Carbohydrates Intake during Pregnancy and Frequency of a Small for Gestational Age Newborn: A Case-Control Study |
title_sort | types of carbohydrates intake during pregnancy and frequency of a small for gestational age newborn: a case-control study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30823429 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030523 |
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