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Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of corneal infections that can cause reduced vision, even blindness. Secreted toxins cause tissue damage and inflammation resulting in scars that lead to vision loss. Identifying tissue damaging proteins is a prerequisite to limiting these harmful reactions. Th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30609641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010002 |
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author | Tang, Aihua Caballero, Armando R. Bierdeman, Michael A. Marquart, Mary E. Foster, Timothy J. Monk, Ian R. O’Callaghan, Richard J. |
author_facet | Tang, Aihua Caballero, Armando R. Bierdeman, Michael A. Marquart, Mary E. Foster, Timothy J. Monk, Ian R. O’Callaghan, Richard J. |
author_sort | Tang, Aihua |
collection | PubMed |
description | Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of corneal infections that can cause reduced vision, even blindness. Secreted toxins cause tissue damage and inflammation resulting in scars that lead to vision loss. Identifying tissue damaging proteins is a prerequisite to limiting these harmful reactions. The present study characterized a previously unrecognized S. aureus toxin. This secreted toxin was purified from strain Newman ΔhlaΔhlg, the N-terminal sequence determined, the gene cloned, and the purified recombinant protein was tested in the rabbit cornea. The virulence of a toxin deletion mutant was compared to its parent and the mutant after gene restoration (rescue strain). The toxin (23 kDa) had an N-terminal sequence matching the Newman superantigen-like protein SSL1. An SSL1 homodimer (46 kDa) had proteolytic activity as demonstrated by zymography and cleavage of a synthetic substrate, collagens, and cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IL-8); the protease was susceptible to serine protease inhibitors. As compared to the parent and rescue strains, the ssl1 mutant had significantly reduced virulence, but not reduced bacterial growth, in vivo. The ocular isolates tested had the ssl1 gene, with allele type 2 being the predominant type. SSL1 is a protease with corneal virulence and activity on host defense and structural proteins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6471365 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64713652019-04-27 Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease Tang, Aihua Caballero, Armando R. Bierdeman, Michael A. Marquart, Mary E. Foster, Timothy J. Monk, Ian R. O’Callaghan, Richard J. Pathogens Article Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of corneal infections that can cause reduced vision, even blindness. Secreted toxins cause tissue damage and inflammation resulting in scars that lead to vision loss. Identifying tissue damaging proteins is a prerequisite to limiting these harmful reactions. The present study characterized a previously unrecognized S. aureus toxin. This secreted toxin was purified from strain Newman ΔhlaΔhlg, the N-terminal sequence determined, the gene cloned, and the purified recombinant protein was tested in the rabbit cornea. The virulence of a toxin deletion mutant was compared to its parent and the mutant after gene restoration (rescue strain). The toxin (23 kDa) had an N-terminal sequence matching the Newman superantigen-like protein SSL1. An SSL1 homodimer (46 kDa) had proteolytic activity as demonstrated by zymography and cleavage of a synthetic substrate, collagens, and cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IL-8); the protease was susceptible to serine protease inhibitors. As compared to the parent and rescue strains, the ssl1 mutant had significantly reduced virulence, but not reduced bacterial growth, in vivo. The ocular isolates tested had the ssl1 gene, with allele type 2 being the predominant type. SSL1 is a protease with corneal virulence and activity on host defense and structural proteins. MDPI 2019-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6471365/ /pubmed/30609641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010002 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Tang, Aihua Caballero, Armando R. Bierdeman, Michael A. Marquart, Mary E. Foster, Timothy J. Monk, Ian R. O’Callaghan, Richard J. Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease |
title | Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease |
title_full | Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease |
title_fullStr | Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease |
title_full_unstemmed | Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease |
title_short | Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen-Like Protein SSL1: A Toxic Protease |
title_sort | staphylococcus aureus superantigen-like protein ssl1: a toxic protease |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30609641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010002 |
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