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Cellular, Synaptic and Network Effects of Acetylcholine in the Neocortex

The neocortex is densely innervated by basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons. Long-range axons of cholinergic neurons regulate higher-order cognitive function and dysfunction in the neocortex by releasing acetylcholine (ACh). ACh release dynamically reconfigures neocortical microcircuitry through...

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Autores principales: Colangelo, Cristina, Shichkova, Polina, Keller, Daniel, Markram, Henry, Ramaswamy, Srikanth
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6473068/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31031601
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2019.00024
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author Colangelo, Cristina
Shichkova, Polina
Keller, Daniel
Markram, Henry
Ramaswamy, Srikanth
author_facet Colangelo, Cristina
Shichkova, Polina
Keller, Daniel
Markram, Henry
Ramaswamy, Srikanth
author_sort Colangelo, Cristina
collection PubMed
description The neocortex is densely innervated by basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons. Long-range axons of cholinergic neurons regulate higher-order cognitive function and dysfunction in the neocortex by releasing acetylcholine (ACh). ACh release dynamically reconfigures neocortical microcircuitry through differential spatiotemporal actions on cell-types and their synaptic connections. At the cellular level, ACh release controls neuronal excitability and firing rate, by hyperpolarizing or depolarizing target neurons. At the synaptic level, ACh impacts transmission dynamics not only by altering the presynaptic probability of release, but also the magnitude of the postsynaptic response. Despite the crucial role of ACh release in physiology and pathophysiology, a comprehensive understanding of the way it regulates the activity of diverse neocortical cell-types and synaptic connections has remained elusive. This review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art anatomical and physiological data to develop a functional map of the cellular, synaptic and microcircuit effects of ACh in the neocortex of rodents and non-human primates, and to serve as a quantitative reference for those intending to build data-driven computational models on the role of ACh in governing brain states.
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spelling pubmed-64730682019-04-26 Cellular, Synaptic and Network Effects of Acetylcholine in the Neocortex Colangelo, Cristina Shichkova, Polina Keller, Daniel Markram, Henry Ramaswamy, Srikanth Front Neural Circuits Neuroscience The neocortex is densely innervated by basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons. Long-range axons of cholinergic neurons regulate higher-order cognitive function and dysfunction in the neocortex by releasing acetylcholine (ACh). ACh release dynamically reconfigures neocortical microcircuitry through differential spatiotemporal actions on cell-types and their synaptic connections. At the cellular level, ACh release controls neuronal excitability and firing rate, by hyperpolarizing or depolarizing target neurons. At the synaptic level, ACh impacts transmission dynamics not only by altering the presynaptic probability of release, but also the magnitude of the postsynaptic response. Despite the crucial role of ACh release in physiology and pathophysiology, a comprehensive understanding of the way it regulates the activity of diverse neocortical cell-types and synaptic connections has remained elusive. This review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art anatomical and physiological data to develop a functional map of the cellular, synaptic and microcircuit effects of ACh in the neocortex of rodents and non-human primates, and to serve as a quantitative reference for those intending to build data-driven computational models on the role of ACh in governing brain states. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6473068/ /pubmed/31031601 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2019.00024 Text en Copyright © 2019 Colangelo, Shichkova, Keller, Markram and Ramaswamy. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Colangelo, Cristina
Shichkova, Polina
Keller, Daniel
Markram, Henry
Ramaswamy, Srikanth
Cellular, Synaptic and Network Effects of Acetylcholine in the Neocortex
title Cellular, Synaptic and Network Effects of Acetylcholine in the Neocortex
title_full Cellular, Synaptic and Network Effects of Acetylcholine in the Neocortex
title_fullStr Cellular, Synaptic and Network Effects of Acetylcholine in the Neocortex
title_full_unstemmed Cellular, Synaptic and Network Effects of Acetylcholine in the Neocortex
title_short Cellular, Synaptic and Network Effects of Acetylcholine in the Neocortex
title_sort cellular, synaptic and network effects of acetylcholine in the neocortex
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6473068/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31031601
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2019.00024
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