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Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire
BACKGROUND: In May 2016, firefighters from the province of Alberta, Canada deployed to a fire that engulfed the urban area of Fort McMurray. During the first days of the fire, firefighters experienced heavy smoke exposures during greatly extended work shifts. Urinary samples were collected post-depl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6473170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30753267 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz006 |
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author | Cherry, Nicola Aklilu, Yayne-abeba Beach, Jeremy Britz-McKibbin, Philip Elbourne, Rebecca Galarneau, Jean-Michel Gill, Biban Kinniburgh, David Zhang, Xu |
author_facet | Cherry, Nicola Aklilu, Yayne-abeba Beach, Jeremy Britz-McKibbin, Philip Elbourne, Rebecca Galarneau, Jean-Michel Gill, Biban Kinniburgh, David Zhang, Xu |
author_sort | Cherry, Nicola |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In May 2016, firefighters from the province of Alberta, Canada deployed to a fire that engulfed the urban area of Fort McMurray. During the first days of the fire, firefighters experienced heavy smoke exposures during greatly extended work shifts. Urinary samples were collected post-deployment from three fire services for estimation of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) concentration, reflecting exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to determine the effects of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) and skin hygiene in reducing internal dose METHODS: Urine samples from one fire service (n = 62) were analyzed for 1-HP by two laboratories, using different assays (LC-MS/MS: GC-MS): remaining samples were analyzed just by LC-MS/MS. A Skin Exposure Mitigation Index (SEMI) was computed from questions on opportunities for changing clothing, showering, and washing during breaks. Regression analyses, using 1-HP ng/g creatinine as the dependent variable, assessed the effect of RPE and skin factors on PAH absorption, allowing for environmental exposure and potential confounders. Stratification identified key groups with equal delay in sample collection. RESULTS: 1-HP was detected in 71.0% of 62 samples by LC-MS/MS and 98.4% by GC-MS, with good mutual agreement between the methods. In 171 post-fire samples, 1-HP corrected for creatinine was related to current cigarette smoking and recent barbeque. Among those with samples collected within 48 h, urinary 1-HP was correlated with estimated exposure(r = 0.53, P < 0.001). In those with only one rotation before urine sample collection, no effect was seen of RPE use but I-HP was significantly lower (P = 0.003) in those with those with a high score on the SEMI scale, indicating better access to factors mitigating skin absorption. CONCLUSION: Skin exposure to PAHs is an important route of absorption in firefighters, which can be mitigated by good skin hygiene. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6473170 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64731702019-04-24 Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire Cherry, Nicola Aklilu, Yayne-abeba Beach, Jeremy Britz-McKibbin, Philip Elbourne, Rebecca Galarneau, Jean-Michel Gill, Biban Kinniburgh, David Zhang, Xu Ann Work Expo Health Original Articles BACKGROUND: In May 2016, firefighters from the province of Alberta, Canada deployed to a fire that engulfed the urban area of Fort McMurray. During the first days of the fire, firefighters experienced heavy smoke exposures during greatly extended work shifts. Urinary samples were collected post-deployment from three fire services for estimation of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HP) concentration, reflecting exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to determine the effects of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) and skin hygiene in reducing internal dose METHODS: Urine samples from one fire service (n = 62) were analyzed for 1-HP by two laboratories, using different assays (LC-MS/MS: GC-MS): remaining samples were analyzed just by LC-MS/MS. A Skin Exposure Mitigation Index (SEMI) was computed from questions on opportunities for changing clothing, showering, and washing during breaks. Regression analyses, using 1-HP ng/g creatinine as the dependent variable, assessed the effect of RPE and skin factors on PAH absorption, allowing for environmental exposure and potential confounders. Stratification identified key groups with equal delay in sample collection. RESULTS: 1-HP was detected in 71.0% of 62 samples by LC-MS/MS and 98.4% by GC-MS, with good mutual agreement between the methods. In 171 post-fire samples, 1-HP corrected for creatinine was related to current cigarette smoking and recent barbeque. Among those with samples collected within 48 h, urinary 1-HP was correlated with estimated exposure(r = 0.53, P < 0.001). In those with only one rotation before urine sample collection, no effect was seen of RPE use but I-HP was significantly lower (P = 0.003) in those with those with a high score on the SEMI scale, indicating better access to factors mitigating skin absorption. CONCLUSION: Skin exposure to PAHs is an important route of absorption in firefighters, which can be mitigated by good skin hygiene. Oxford University Press 2019-05 2019-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6473170/ /pubmed/30753267 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz006 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Cherry, Nicola Aklilu, Yayne-abeba Beach, Jeremy Britz-McKibbin, Philip Elbourne, Rebecca Galarneau, Jean-Michel Gill, Biban Kinniburgh, David Zhang, Xu Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire |
title | Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire |
title_full | Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire |
title_fullStr | Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire |
title_full_unstemmed | Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire |
title_short | Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and Skin Contamination in Firefighters Deployed to the Fort McMurray Fire |
title_sort | urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and skin contamination in firefighters deployed to the fort mcmurray fire |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6473170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30753267 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz006 |
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