Dependence of near‐surface similarity scaling on the anisotropy of atmospheric turbulence

Turbulence data from the CASES‐99 field experiment, over comparatively horizontally homogeneous and flat terrain, are separated based on the anisotropy of the Reynolds stress tensor (into isotropic, two‐component axisymmetric and one‐component turbulence) and flux‐variance similarity scaling relations are tested. Results illustrate that different states of anisotropy correspond to different similarity relations, especially under unstable stratification. Experimental data with close to isotropic turbulence match similarity relationships well. On the other hand, very anisotropic turbulence deviates significantly from the traditional scaling relations. We examine in detail the characteristics of these states of anisotropy, identify conditions in which they occur and connect them with different governing parameters. The governing parameters of turbulence anisotropy are shown to be different for stable and unstable stratification, but are able to delineate clearly the conditions in which each of the anisotropy states occurs.