Incisional hernias following open gynecological surgery: a population-based study

INTRODUCTION: Incisional hernia is a common and costly complication following abdominal surgery. The incidence of incisional hernia after gynecological surgery is not as well studied as that after general surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Swedish National Quality Register for Gynecological Surgery (GynOp) collects preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative information regarding gynecological surgery. Data were extracted from 2006 to 2014. The National Patient Register (NPR) contains physicians’ data from both public and private hospitals. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyzes were performed on risk factors. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2014, 39,312 women undergoing open surgery were registered in GynOp. The NPR recorded 526 patients who were diagnosed with or had undergone surgery for incisional hernia. The mean follow-up was 2.8 years. Five years after surgery the cumulative incidence of incisional hernias was 2.0% (95% confidence interval 1.8–2.2%). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis obesity (BMI > 30), age > 60 years, midline incision, smoking, kidney, liver, and pulmonary disease were found to predict an increased risk for incisional hernias (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is much to be gained if the patient can cease smoking and lose weight before undergoing abdominal surgery. The Pfannenstiel incision results in fewer incisional hernias and should be considered whenever possible.