Risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in Bengaluru: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND: Risk factors such as hereditary, ecological, and metabolic are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family history (FH) of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical inactivity are some of the risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. AIM: To study various aetiological determinants and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Bangalore, India. This retrospective study examined questionnaire from patients attending the Diabetes Clinic. METHODS: Data on various parameters were obtained through a questionnaire from 533 patients on the first visit to the diabetes clinic. Data regarding various aetiological determinants and risk factors viz.: Genetic risk factor and few modifiable risk factors were collected. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in males and younger population was observed in Bangalore, India. Obesity and FH were significant risk factors for not only type 2 diabetes but also early onset of diabetes. In addition, maternal history of type 2 diabetes and consanguinity increased incidence of early onset type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: Risk factors such as obesity and FH (maternal history of type 2 diabetes) and consanguinity may play an important role in screening of family members of type 2 diabetes patients which may lead to early intervention and reduced risk of subsequent complications. Moreover, susceptible population can be counselled for the management of the type 2 diabetes including periodic investigation of blood glucose levels and lifestyle changes.