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Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles in a Group of Female Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)–Similar Trends of Changes, Different Pathophysiology
Fatty acid (FA) profiles in the plasma of patients with metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) seem to be identical despite their different etiology (dietary mistakes vs. cachexia). The aim of this study was to compare both profiles and to highlight the differences that could influence...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480133/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30959940 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071719 |
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author | Szczuko, Małgorzata Kaczkan, Małgorzata Drozd, Arleta Maciejewska, Dominika Palma, Joanna Owczarzak, Anna Marczuk, Natalia Rutkowski, Przemysław Małgorzewicz, Sylwia |
author_facet | Szczuko, Małgorzata Kaczkan, Małgorzata Drozd, Arleta Maciejewska, Dominika Palma, Joanna Owczarzak, Anna Marczuk, Natalia Rutkowski, Przemysław Małgorzewicz, Sylwia |
author_sort | Szczuko, Małgorzata |
collection | PubMed |
description | Fatty acid (FA) profiles in the plasma of patients with metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) seem to be identical despite their different etiology (dietary mistakes vs. cachexia). The aim of this study was to compare both profiles and to highlight the differences that could influence the improvement of the treatment of patients in both groups. The study involved 73 women, including 24 patients with chronic kidney disease treated with haemodialysis, 19 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and 30 healthy women in the control group. A total of 35 fatty acids and derivatives were identified and quantified by gas chromatography. Intensified elongation processes from acid C10:0 to C16:0 were noted in both groups (more intense in MetS), as well as an increased synthesis of arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), which was more intense in CKD. Significant correlations of oleic acid (C18:1n9), gamma linoleic acid (C18:3n6), and docosatetraenoate acid (C22:4n6) with parameters of CKD patients were observed. In the MetS group, auxiliary metabolic pathways of oleic acid were activated, which simultaneously inhibited the synthesis of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from alpha lipoic acid (ALA). On the other hand, in the group of female patients with CKD, the synthesis of EPA and DHA was intensified. Activation of the synthesis of oleic acid (C18: 1n9 ct) and trans-vaccinic acid (C18:1) is a protective mechanism in kidney diseases and especially in MetS due to the increased concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) in plasma. The cause of the increased amount of all FAs in plasma in the CKD group, especially in the case of palmitic (C16:0) and derivatives stearic (C18:0) acids, may be the decomposition of adipose tissue and the progressing devastation of the organism, whereas, in the MetS group, dietary intake seems to be the main reason for the increase in SFA. Moreover, in MetS, auxiliary metabolic pathways are activated for oleic acid, which cause the simultaneous inhibition of EPA and DHA synthesis from ALA, whereas, in the CKD group, we observe an increased synthesis of EPA and DHA. The higher increase of nervonic acid (C24:1) in CKD suggests a higher degree of demyelination and loss of axons. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6480133 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64801332019-04-29 Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles in a Group of Female Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)–Similar Trends of Changes, Different Pathophysiology Szczuko, Małgorzata Kaczkan, Małgorzata Drozd, Arleta Maciejewska, Dominika Palma, Joanna Owczarzak, Anna Marczuk, Natalia Rutkowski, Przemysław Małgorzewicz, Sylwia Int J Mol Sci Article Fatty acid (FA) profiles in the plasma of patients with metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) seem to be identical despite their different etiology (dietary mistakes vs. cachexia). The aim of this study was to compare both profiles and to highlight the differences that could influence the improvement of the treatment of patients in both groups. The study involved 73 women, including 24 patients with chronic kidney disease treated with haemodialysis, 19 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and 30 healthy women in the control group. A total of 35 fatty acids and derivatives were identified and quantified by gas chromatography. Intensified elongation processes from acid C10:0 to C16:0 were noted in both groups (more intense in MetS), as well as an increased synthesis of arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), which was more intense in CKD. Significant correlations of oleic acid (C18:1n9), gamma linoleic acid (C18:3n6), and docosatetraenoate acid (C22:4n6) with parameters of CKD patients were observed. In the MetS group, auxiliary metabolic pathways of oleic acid were activated, which simultaneously inhibited the synthesis of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from alpha lipoic acid (ALA). On the other hand, in the group of female patients with CKD, the synthesis of EPA and DHA was intensified. Activation of the synthesis of oleic acid (C18: 1n9 ct) and trans-vaccinic acid (C18:1) is a protective mechanism in kidney diseases and especially in MetS due to the increased concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) in plasma. The cause of the increased amount of all FAs in plasma in the CKD group, especially in the case of palmitic (C16:0) and derivatives stearic (C18:0) acids, may be the decomposition of adipose tissue and the progressing devastation of the organism, whereas, in the MetS group, dietary intake seems to be the main reason for the increase in SFA. Moreover, in MetS, auxiliary metabolic pathways are activated for oleic acid, which cause the simultaneous inhibition of EPA and DHA synthesis from ALA, whereas, in the CKD group, we observe an increased synthesis of EPA and DHA. The higher increase of nervonic acid (C24:1) in CKD suggests a higher degree of demyelination and loss of axons. MDPI 2019-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6480133/ /pubmed/30959940 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071719 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Szczuko, Małgorzata Kaczkan, Małgorzata Drozd, Arleta Maciejewska, Dominika Palma, Joanna Owczarzak, Anna Marczuk, Natalia Rutkowski, Przemysław Małgorzewicz, Sylwia Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles in a Group of Female Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)–Similar Trends of Changes, Different Pathophysiology |
title | Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles in a Group of Female Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)–Similar Trends of Changes, Different Pathophysiology |
title_full | Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles in a Group of Female Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)–Similar Trends of Changes, Different Pathophysiology |
title_fullStr | Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles in a Group of Female Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)–Similar Trends of Changes, Different Pathophysiology |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles in a Group of Female Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)–Similar Trends of Changes, Different Pathophysiology |
title_short | Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles in a Group of Female Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)–Similar Trends of Changes, Different Pathophysiology |
title_sort | comparison of fatty acid profiles in a group of female patients with chronic kidney diseases (ckd) and metabolic syndrome (mets)–similar trends of changes, different pathophysiology |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480133/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30959940 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071719 |
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