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Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the manufacturing paradigm in recent years due to the possibility of creating complex shaped three-dimensional parts which can be difficult or impossible to obtain by conventional manufacturing processes. Among the different additive manufacturing techniques...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rodrigues, Tiago A., Duarte, V., Miranda, R. M., Santos, Telmo G., Oliveira, J. P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30987382
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071121
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author Rodrigues, Tiago A.
Duarte, V.
Miranda, R. M.
Santos, Telmo G.
Oliveira, J. P.
author_facet Rodrigues, Tiago A.
Duarte, V.
Miranda, R. M.
Santos, Telmo G.
Oliveira, J. P.
author_sort Rodrigues, Tiago A.
collection PubMed
description Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the manufacturing paradigm in recent years due to the possibility of creating complex shaped three-dimensional parts which can be difficult or impossible to obtain by conventional manufacturing processes. Among the different additive manufacturing techniques, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is suitable to produce large metallic parts owing to the high deposition rates achieved, which are significantly larger than powder-bed techniques, for example. The interest in WAAM is steadily increasing, and consequently, significant research efforts are underway. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the most significant achievements in WAAM, highlighting process developments and variants to control the microstructure, mechanical properties, and defect generation in the as-built parts; the most relevant engineering materials used; the main deposition strategies adopted to minimize residual stresses and the effect of post-processing heat treatments to improve the mechanical properties of the parts. An important aspect that still hinders this technology is certification and nondestructive testing of the parts, and this is discussed. Finally, a general perspective of future advancements is presented.
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spelling pubmed-64801982019-04-29 Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) Rodrigues, Tiago A. Duarte, V. Miranda, R. M. Santos, Telmo G. Oliveira, J. P. Materials (Basel) Review Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the manufacturing paradigm in recent years due to the possibility of creating complex shaped three-dimensional parts which can be difficult or impossible to obtain by conventional manufacturing processes. Among the different additive manufacturing techniques, wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is suitable to produce large metallic parts owing to the high deposition rates achieved, which are significantly larger than powder-bed techniques, for example. The interest in WAAM is steadily increasing, and consequently, significant research efforts are underway. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the most significant achievements in WAAM, highlighting process developments and variants to control the microstructure, mechanical properties, and defect generation in the as-built parts; the most relevant engineering materials used; the main deposition strategies adopted to minimize residual stresses and the effect of post-processing heat treatments to improve the mechanical properties of the parts. An important aspect that still hinders this technology is certification and nondestructive testing of the parts, and this is discussed. Finally, a general perspective of future advancements is presented. MDPI 2019-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6480198/ /pubmed/30987382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071121 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rodrigues, Tiago A.
Duarte, V.
Miranda, R. M.
Santos, Telmo G.
Oliveira, J. P.
Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
title Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
title_full Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
title_fullStr Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
title_full_unstemmed Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
title_short Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
title_sort current status and perspectives on wire and arc additive manufacturing (waam)
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6480198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30987382
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071121
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