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Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin

The role of a boundary in pattern formation from a homogenous state in Turing's reaction–diffusion equations is important, particularly when the domain size is comparable to the pattern scale. Such experimental conditions may be achieved for in vitro regeneration of ectodermal appendages such a...

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Autores principales: Ishida, Kentaro, Mitsui, Toshiyuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: AIP Publishing LLC 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6481706/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31069292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4989414
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author Ishida, Kentaro
Mitsui, Toshiyuki
author_facet Ishida, Kentaro
Mitsui, Toshiyuki
author_sort Ishida, Kentaro
collection PubMed
description The role of a boundary in pattern formation from a homogenous state in Turing's reaction–diffusion equations is important, particularly when the domain size is comparable to the pattern scale. Such experimental conditions may be achieved for in vitro regeneration of ectodermal appendages such as feathers, via reconstruction of embryonic single cells. This procedure can eliminate a predefined genetic map, such as the midline of chick feather bud formation, leaving uniformly distributed identical cells as a bioengineered skin. Here, the self-organizing nature of multiple feather bud formation was examined in bioengineered 1D-skin samples. Primal formation of feather buds occurred at a fixed length from the skin edge. This formation was numerically recapitulated by a standard two-component reaction-diffusion model, suggesting that the boundary effect caused this observation. The proper boundary conditions were nonstandard, either mixed Dirichlet–Neumann or partial-flux. In addition, the model implies imperfect or hindered bud formation as well as nearly equal distances between buds. In contrast, experimental observations indicated that the skin curvature, which was not included in our model, also strongly affected bud formation. Thus, bioengineered skin may provide an ideal template for modeling a self-organized process from a homogenous state. This study will examine the possible diffusion activities of activator or inhibitor molecular candidates and mechanical activities during cell aggregation, which will advance our understanding of skin appendage regeneration from pluripotent or embryonic stem cells.
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spelling pubmed-64817062019-05-08 Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin Ishida, Kentaro Mitsui, Toshiyuki APL Bioeng Articles The role of a boundary in pattern formation from a homogenous state in Turing's reaction–diffusion equations is important, particularly when the domain size is comparable to the pattern scale. Such experimental conditions may be achieved for in vitro regeneration of ectodermal appendages such as feathers, via reconstruction of embryonic single cells. This procedure can eliminate a predefined genetic map, such as the midline of chick feather bud formation, leaving uniformly distributed identical cells as a bioengineered skin. Here, the self-organizing nature of multiple feather bud formation was examined in bioengineered 1D-skin samples. Primal formation of feather buds occurred at a fixed length from the skin edge. This formation was numerically recapitulated by a standard two-component reaction-diffusion model, suggesting that the boundary effect caused this observation. The proper boundary conditions were nonstandard, either mixed Dirichlet–Neumann or partial-flux. In addition, the model implies imperfect or hindered bud formation as well as nearly equal distances between buds. In contrast, experimental observations indicated that the skin curvature, which was not included in our model, also strongly affected bud formation. Thus, bioengineered skin may provide an ideal template for modeling a self-organized process from a homogenous state. This study will examine the possible diffusion activities of activator or inhibitor molecular candidates and mechanical activities during cell aggregation, which will advance our understanding of skin appendage regeneration from pluripotent or embryonic stem cells. AIP Publishing LLC 2018-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6481706/ /pubmed/31069292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4989414 Text en © 2018 Author(s). 2473-2877/2018/2(1)/016107/14 All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Articles
Ishida, Kentaro
Mitsui, Toshiyuki
Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
title Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
title_full Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
title_fullStr Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
title_full_unstemmed Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
title_short Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
title_sort role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6481706/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31069292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4989414
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