Cargando…
Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
The role of a boundary in pattern formation from a homogenous state in Turing's reaction–diffusion equations is important, particularly when the domain size is comparable to the pattern scale. Such experimental conditions may be achieved for in vitro regeneration of ectodermal appendages such a...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
AIP Publishing LLC
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6481706/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31069292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4989414 |
_version_ | 1783413778112577536 |
---|---|
author | Ishida, Kentaro Mitsui, Toshiyuki |
author_facet | Ishida, Kentaro Mitsui, Toshiyuki |
author_sort | Ishida, Kentaro |
collection | PubMed |
description | The role of a boundary in pattern formation from a homogenous state in Turing's reaction–diffusion equations is important, particularly when the domain size is comparable to the pattern scale. Such experimental conditions may be achieved for in vitro regeneration of ectodermal appendages such as feathers, via reconstruction of embryonic single cells. This procedure can eliminate a predefined genetic map, such as the midline of chick feather bud formation, leaving uniformly distributed identical cells as a bioengineered skin. Here, the self-organizing nature of multiple feather bud formation was examined in bioengineered 1D-skin samples. Primal formation of feather buds occurred at a fixed length from the skin edge. This formation was numerically recapitulated by a standard two-component reaction-diffusion model, suggesting that the boundary effect caused this observation. The proper boundary conditions were nonstandard, either mixed Dirichlet–Neumann or partial-flux. In addition, the model implies imperfect or hindered bud formation as well as nearly equal distances between buds. In contrast, experimental observations indicated that the skin curvature, which was not included in our model, also strongly affected bud formation. Thus, bioengineered skin may provide an ideal template for modeling a self-organized process from a homogenous state. This study will examine the possible diffusion activities of activator or inhibitor molecular candidates and mechanical activities during cell aggregation, which will advance our understanding of skin appendage regeneration from pluripotent or embryonic stem cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6481706 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | AIP Publishing LLC |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64817062019-05-08 Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin Ishida, Kentaro Mitsui, Toshiyuki APL Bioeng Articles The role of a boundary in pattern formation from a homogenous state in Turing's reaction–diffusion equations is important, particularly when the domain size is comparable to the pattern scale. Such experimental conditions may be achieved for in vitro regeneration of ectodermal appendages such as feathers, via reconstruction of embryonic single cells. This procedure can eliminate a predefined genetic map, such as the midline of chick feather bud formation, leaving uniformly distributed identical cells as a bioengineered skin. Here, the self-organizing nature of multiple feather bud formation was examined in bioengineered 1D-skin samples. Primal formation of feather buds occurred at a fixed length from the skin edge. This formation was numerically recapitulated by a standard two-component reaction-diffusion model, suggesting that the boundary effect caused this observation. The proper boundary conditions were nonstandard, either mixed Dirichlet–Neumann or partial-flux. In addition, the model implies imperfect or hindered bud formation as well as nearly equal distances between buds. In contrast, experimental observations indicated that the skin curvature, which was not included in our model, also strongly affected bud formation. Thus, bioengineered skin may provide an ideal template for modeling a self-organized process from a homogenous state. This study will examine the possible diffusion activities of activator or inhibitor molecular candidates and mechanical activities during cell aggregation, which will advance our understanding of skin appendage regeneration from pluripotent or embryonic stem cells. AIP Publishing LLC 2018-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6481706/ /pubmed/31069292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4989414 Text en © 2018 Author(s). 2473-2877/2018/2(1)/016107/14 All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Articles Ishida, Kentaro Mitsui, Toshiyuki Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin |
title | Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin |
title_full | Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin |
title_fullStr | Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin |
title_short | Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin |
title_sort | role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6481706/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31069292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4989414 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ishidakentaro roleoftheboundaryinfeatherbudformationononedimensionalbioengineeredskin AT mitsuitoshiyuki roleoftheboundaryinfeatherbudformationononedimensionalbioengineeredskin |