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The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Skeletal Health and Development

Increased risk of fracture identified in obese children has led to a focus on the relationship between fat, bone, and the impact of obesity during skeletal development. Early studies have suggested that despite increased fracture risk, obese children have a higher bone mass. However, body size corre...

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Autor principal: Dimitri, Paul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society for the Study of Obesity 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6484936/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31089575
http://dx.doi.org/10.7570/jomes.2019.28.1.4
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author Dimitri, Paul
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description Increased risk of fracture identified in obese children has led to a focus on the relationship between fat, bone, and the impact of obesity during skeletal development. Early studies have suggested that despite increased fracture risk, obese children have a higher bone mass. However, body size corrections applied to account for wide variations in size between children led to the finding that obese children have a lower total body and regional bone mass relative to their body size. Advances in skeletal imaging have shifted the focus from quantity of bone in obese children to evaluating the changes in bone microarchitecture that result in a change in bone quality and strength. The findings suggest that bone strength in the appendicular skeleton does not appropriately adapt to an increase in body size which results in a mismatch between bone strength and force from falls. Recent evidence points to differing influences of fat compartments on skeletal development—visceral fat may have a negative impact on bone which may be related to the associated adverse metabolic environment, while marrow adipose tissue may have an independent effect on trabecular bone development in obese children. The role of brown fat has received recent attention, demonstrating differences in the influence on bone mass between white and brown adipose tissues. Obesity results in a shift in growth and pubertal hormones as well as influences bone development through the altered release of adipokines. The change in the hormonal milieu provides an important insight into the skeletal changes observed in childhood obesity.
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spelling pubmed-64849362019-05-14 The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Skeletal Health and Development Dimitri, Paul J Obes Metab Syndr Review Increased risk of fracture identified in obese children has led to a focus on the relationship between fat, bone, and the impact of obesity during skeletal development. Early studies have suggested that despite increased fracture risk, obese children have a higher bone mass. However, body size corrections applied to account for wide variations in size between children led to the finding that obese children have a lower total body and regional bone mass relative to their body size. Advances in skeletal imaging have shifted the focus from quantity of bone in obese children to evaluating the changes in bone microarchitecture that result in a change in bone quality and strength. The findings suggest that bone strength in the appendicular skeleton does not appropriately adapt to an increase in body size which results in a mismatch between bone strength and force from falls. Recent evidence points to differing influences of fat compartments on skeletal development—visceral fat may have a negative impact on bone which may be related to the associated adverse metabolic environment, while marrow adipose tissue may have an independent effect on trabecular bone development in obese children. The role of brown fat has received recent attention, demonstrating differences in the influence on bone mass between white and brown adipose tissues. Obesity results in a shift in growth and pubertal hormones as well as influences bone development through the altered release of adipokines. The change in the hormonal milieu provides an important insight into the skeletal changes observed in childhood obesity. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity 2019-03 2019-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6484936/ /pubmed/31089575 http://dx.doi.org/10.7570/jomes.2019.28.1.4 Text en Copyright © 2019 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Dimitri, Paul
The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Skeletal Health and Development
title The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Skeletal Health and Development
title_full The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Skeletal Health and Development
title_fullStr The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Skeletal Health and Development
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Skeletal Health and Development
title_short The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Skeletal Health and Development
title_sort impact of childhood obesity on skeletal health and development
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6484936/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31089575
http://dx.doi.org/10.7570/jomes.2019.28.1.4
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