Cargando…

Repellent properties of Rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

BACKGROUND: Rotheca glabrum (formerly known as Clerodendrum glabrum [Verbenaceae]) is used by local communities in the Limpopo Province of South Africa to control ticks on livestock and was selected from the database of the ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute. Its leaves were extracted using orga...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mawela, Kedibone Gloria, Luseba, Dibungi, Magano, Solomon, Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31029169
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1853-5
_version_ 1783414421061632000
author Mawela, Kedibone Gloria
Luseba, Dibungi
Magano, Solomon
Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas
author_facet Mawela, Kedibone Gloria
Luseba, Dibungi
Magano, Solomon
Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas
author_sort Mawela, Kedibone Gloria
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Rotheca glabrum (formerly known as Clerodendrum glabrum [Verbenaceae]) is used by local communities in the Limpopo Province of South Africa to control ticks on livestock and was selected from the database of the ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute. Its leaves were extracted using organic solvents ranging from polar to non-polar solvents (methanol, acetone and dichloromethane (DCM)). In addition, the traditional soap-water (infusion) and water-based (decoction) methods were used. The tick repelling activity was determined against the adult stage of the livestock tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. RESULTS: In the tick-climbing repellency bioassay a 30% acetone extract had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) repellent effect against adults of R. appendiculatus. The extract was still active at a lower concentration of 10%. The hexane fraction from the R. glabrum acetone extract had a higher tick repellency activity than the positive controls Amitix and Bayticol at the same concentrations. Unfortunately, the activity decreased after 2.5 h, probably due to volatility of the biologically active compound(s) within the extract. CONCLUSION: Attempts were made to isolate the repellent compound from the acetone extract of R. glabrum. The process produced very good results up to a late stage in the bioassay-guided fractionation process. At that point, the repellent activity was lost. When two fractions were combined, the repellent activity was regained. These results provide strong evidence for the existence of a synergisticactivity of different compounds. It may be better to concentrate on extracts that would kill ticks rather than on extracts that would repel ticks.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6487012
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-64870122019-05-06 Repellent properties of Rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Mawela, Kedibone Gloria Luseba, Dibungi Magano, Solomon Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas BMC Vet Res Case Report BACKGROUND: Rotheca glabrum (formerly known as Clerodendrum glabrum [Verbenaceae]) is used by local communities in the Limpopo Province of South Africa to control ticks on livestock and was selected from the database of the ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute. Its leaves were extracted using organic solvents ranging from polar to non-polar solvents (methanol, acetone and dichloromethane (DCM)). In addition, the traditional soap-water (infusion) and water-based (decoction) methods were used. The tick repelling activity was determined against the adult stage of the livestock tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. RESULTS: In the tick-climbing repellency bioassay a 30% acetone extract had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) repellent effect against adults of R. appendiculatus. The extract was still active at a lower concentration of 10%. The hexane fraction from the R. glabrum acetone extract had a higher tick repellency activity than the positive controls Amitix and Bayticol at the same concentrations. Unfortunately, the activity decreased after 2.5 h, probably due to volatility of the biologically active compound(s) within the extract. CONCLUSION: Attempts were made to isolate the repellent compound from the acetone extract of R. glabrum. The process produced very good results up to a late stage in the bioassay-guided fractionation process. At that point, the repellent activity was lost. When two fractions were combined, the repellent activity was regained. These results provide strong evidence for the existence of a synergisticactivity of different compounds. It may be better to concentrate on extracts that would kill ticks rather than on extracts that would repel ticks. BioMed Central 2019-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6487012/ /pubmed/31029169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1853-5 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Case Report
Mawela, Kedibone Gloria
Luseba, Dibungi
Magano, Solomon
Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas
Repellent properties of Rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
title Repellent properties of Rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
title_full Repellent properties of Rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
title_fullStr Repellent properties of Rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
title_full_unstemmed Repellent properties of Rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
title_short Repellent properties of Rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
title_sort repellent properties of rotheca glabrum plant extracts against adults of rhipicephalus appendiculatus
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6487012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31029169
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1853-5
work_keys_str_mv AT mawelakedibonegloria repellentpropertiesofrothecaglabrumplantextractsagainstadultsofrhipicephalusappendiculatus
AT lusebadibungi repellentpropertiesofrothecaglabrumplantextractsagainstadultsofrhipicephalusappendiculatus
AT maganosolomon repellentpropertiesofrothecaglabrumplantextractsagainstadultsofrhipicephalusappendiculatus
AT eloffjacobusnicolaas repellentpropertiesofrothecaglabrumplantextractsagainstadultsofrhipicephalusappendiculatus