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Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly

Musculoskeletal aging is a major public health interesting and strain due to the significant demographic modifications in the population, and it is linked to high risk of falls, loss of autonomy in elderly individuals and institutionalization with small health outcomes. Thus, this pathological statu...

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Autores principales: Greco, Emanuela A., Pietschmann, Peter, Migliaccio, Silvia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6491670/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31068903
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00255
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author Greco, Emanuela A.
Pietschmann, Peter
Migliaccio, Silvia
author_facet Greco, Emanuela A.
Pietschmann, Peter
Migliaccio, Silvia
author_sort Greco, Emanuela A.
collection PubMed
description Musculoskeletal aging is a major public health interesting and strain due to the significant demographic modifications in the population, and it is linked to high risk of falls, loss of autonomy in elderly individuals and institutionalization with small health outcomes. Thus, this pathological status is related to high morbidity and health care rates. Bone mass and muscle mass and strength increase during late adolescence and early adulthood but start to reduce noticeably from the fifth decade of life and are closely linked. Bone and muscle tissues were increasingly recognized, as endocrine target organs and endocrine organs themselves, interacting through paracrine and endocrine signals. During growth, bone mineral content closely correlates with muscle mass, and several evidences suggest that osteoporosis and sarcopenia present common pathophysiological factors and show the correlation between low bone mineral density and sarcopenia in both men and women. Then, sarcopenia and osteoporosis, typical features of aging, are often associated with each other and with the frailty syndrome. In particular, sarcopenia and osteoporosis are major contributors to disability and frailty and the common denominators are age-related chronic inflammation, changes in body composition and hormonal imbalance. Frailty syndrome is characterized by a reduced response to stress, triggering the decline of the physiological functioning of the various systems. Frailty syndrome, typical of the older people, is frequently associated with a reduction in the quality of life and mobility. Falls often are the basis of reduced mobility and ability to perform the common functions of daily life and the increase in the number of institutionalizations. Moreover, the reduction of muscle mass, associated with altered muscle composition, fat and fibrous infiltration and alterations in innervations, and the increase in fat mass, have a synergistic effect on the increase in cardiovascular risk. The aim of this review is to analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the frailty syndrome and its association with sarcopenia and osteoporosis, and investigate possible intervention measures.
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spelling pubmed-64916702019-05-08 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly Greco, Emanuela A. Pietschmann, Peter Migliaccio, Silvia Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Musculoskeletal aging is a major public health interesting and strain due to the significant demographic modifications in the population, and it is linked to high risk of falls, loss of autonomy in elderly individuals and institutionalization with small health outcomes. Thus, this pathological status is related to high morbidity and health care rates. Bone mass and muscle mass and strength increase during late adolescence and early adulthood but start to reduce noticeably from the fifth decade of life and are closely linked. Bone and muscle tissues were increasingly recognized, as endocrine target organs and endocrine organs themselves, interacting through paracrine and endocrine signals. During growth, bone mineral content closely correlates with muscle mass, and several evidences suggest that osteoporosis and sarcopenia present common pathophysiological factors and show the correlation between low bone mineral density and sarcopenia in both men and women. Then, sarcopenia and osteoporosis, typical features of aging, are often associated with each other and with the frailty syndrome. In particular, sarcopenia and osteoporosis are major contributors to disability and frailty and the common denominators are age-related chronic inflammation, changes in body composition and hormonal imbalance. Frailty syndrome is characterized by a reduced response to stress, triggering the decline of the physiological functioning of the various systems. Frailty syndrome, typical of the older people, is frequently associated with a reduction in the quality of life and mobility. Falls often are the basis of reduced mobility and ability to perform the common functions of daily life and the increase in the number of institutionalizations. Moreover, the reduction of muscle mass, associated with altered muscle composition, fat and fibrous infiltration and alterations in innervations, and the increase in fat mass, have a synergistic effect on the increase in cardiovascular risk. The aim of this review is to analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the frailty syndrome and its association with sarcopenia and osteoporosis, and investigate possible intervention measures. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6491670/ /pubmed/31068903 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00255 Text en Copyright © 2019 Greco, Pietschmann and Migliaccio. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Greco, Emanuela A.
Pietschmann, Peter
Migliaccio, Silvia
Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly
title Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly
title_full Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly
title_fullStr Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly
title_full_unstemmed Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly
title_short Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Increase Frailty Syndrome in the Elderly
title_sort osteoporosis and sarcopenia increase frailty syndrome in the elderly
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6491670/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31068903
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00255
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