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Application of Mobile Health Technologies Aimed at Salt Reduction: Systematic Review
BACKGROUND: High salt consumption has contributed to the rise of noncommunicable diseases around the world. The application of mobile health (mHealth) technologies has witnessed rapid growth in recent years. However, evidence to support mHealth interventions to confront the challenge of salt reducti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
JMIR Publications
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6492062/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30994467 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13250 |
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author | Ali, Shahmir H Luo, Rong Li, Yuan Liu, Xiangjun Tang, Chengyao Zhang, Puhong |
author_facet | Ali, Shahmir H Luo, Rong Li, Yuan Liu, Xiangjun Tang, Chengyao Zhang, Puhong |
author_sort | Ali, Shahmir H |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: High salt consumption has contributed to the rise of noncommunicable diseases around the world. The application of mobile health (mHealth) technologies has witnessed rapid growth in recent years. However, evidence to support mHealth interventions to confront the challenge of salt reduction has not yet been critically reviewed. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify, characterize, and evaluate mHealth interventions aimed at salt reduction across the world. METHODS: A systematic search of studies in English or Chinese language published from January 1, 1992 to July 31, 2017 was conducted using 4 English databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Global Health, and Cochrane) and 3 Chinese databases (Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal, and China National Knowledge of Infrastructure). All studies directly using mobile technologies in health care with a primary or secondary objective of reducing dietary salt consumption were included. RESULTS: A total of 1609 articles were found using the search strategy, with 11 full articles (8 English and 3 Chinese) being included for data extraction, including 11 interventional studies. Overall, few high-quality interventions were identified. Most interventions were limited by small study population sample sizes, lack of control groups, and short follow-up times, all of which were obstacles in generating long-term scalable approaches. Most interventions employed short message service as a platform for mHealth interventions, whereas some innovative mHealth technologies were also explored. Most interventions had a primary focus of improving awareness of dietary salt consumption. The outcome variables used to measure intervention effectiveness included 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, spot urine sampling, dietary records, and indirect behavior or knowledge indicators targeting salt consumption. Although most interventions displayed positive outcome results, none of them provided reliable evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of salt reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Salt reduction in mHealth initiatives remains relatively unexplored; however, studies that did intervene on salt-reduction show the potential of mHealth as an effective intervention method. We provide 3 recommendations for future mHealth interventions in salt reduction—(1) increased use of new, innovative, and interactive mHealth technologies; (2) development of mHealth interventions with primary prevention measures and goals of salt reduction; and (3) large-scale, rigorously designed, and object-targeted clinical trials of mHealth interventions with appropriate quantitative outcome variables, in particular 24-hour urine sodium. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6492062 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | JMIR Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64920622019-05-17 Application of Mobile Health Technologies Aimed at Salt Reduction: Systematic Review Ali, Shahmir H Luo, Rong Li, Yuan Liu, Xiangjun Tang, Chengyao Zhang, Puhong JMIR Mhealth Uhealth Review BACKGROUND: High salt consumption has contributed to the rise of noncommunicable diseases around the world. The application of mobile health (mHealth) technologies has witnessed rapid growth in recent years. However, evidence to support mHealth interventions to confront the challenge of salt reduction has not yet been critically reviewed. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify, characterize, and evaluate mHealth interventions aimed at salt reduction across the world. METHODS: A systematic search of studies in English or Chinese language published from January 1, 1992 to July 31, 2017 was conducted using 4 English databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Global Health, and Cochrane) and 3 Chinese databases (Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal, and China National Knowledge of Infrastructure). All studies directly using mobile technologies in health care with a primary or secondary objective of reducing dietary salt consumption were included. RESULTS: A total of 1609 articles were found using the search strategy, with 11 full articles (8 English and 3 Chinese) being included for data extraction, including 11 interventional studies. Overall, few high-quality interventions were identified. Most interventions were limited by small study population sample sizes, lack of control groups, and short follow-up times, all of which were obstacles in generating long-term scalable approaches. Most interventions employed short message service as a platform for mHealth interventions, whereas some innovative mHealth technologies were also explored. Most interventions had a primary focus of improving awareness of dietary salt consumption. The outcome variables used to measure intervention effectiveness included 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, spot urine sampling, dietary records, and indirect behavior or knowledge indicators targeting salt consumption. Although most interventions displayed positive outcome results, none of them provided reliable evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of salt reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Salt reduction in mHealth initiatives remains relatively unexplored; however, studies that did intervene on salt-reduction show the potential of mHealth as an effective intervention method. We provide 3 recommendations for future mHealth interventions in salt reduction—(1) increased use of new, innovative, and interactive mHealth technologies; (2) development of mHealth interventions with primary prevention measures and goals of salt reduction; and (3) large-scale, rigorously designed, and object-targeted clinical trials of mHealth interventions with appropriate quantitative outcome variables, in particular 24-hour urine sodium. JMIR Publications 2019-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6492062/ /pubmed/30994467 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13250 Text en ©Shahmir H Ali, Rong Luo, Yuan Li, Xiangjun Liu, Chengyao Tang, Puhong Zhang. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 17.04.2019. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR mhealth and uhealth, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://mhealth.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. |
spellingShingle | Review Ali, Shahmir H Luo, Rong Li, Yuan Liu, Xiangjun Tang, Chengyao Zhang, Puhong Application of Mobile Health Technologies Aimed at Salt Reduction: Systematic Review |
title | Application of Mobile Health Technologies Aimed at Salt Reduction: Systematic Review |
title_full | Application of Mobile Health Technologies Aimed at Salt Reduction: Systematic Review |
title_fullStr | Application of Mobile Health Technologies Aimed at Salt Reduction: Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Application of Mobile Health Technologies Aimed at Salt Reduction: Systematic Review |
title_short | Application of Mobile Health Technologies Aimed at Salt Reduction: Systematic Review |
title_sort | application of mobile health technologies aimed at salt reduction: systematic review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6492062/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30994467 http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13250 |
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