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Homogalacturonan Accumulation in Cell Walls of the Green Alga Zygnema sp. (Charophyta) Increases Desiccation Resistance
Land plants inherited several traits from their green algal ancestors (Zygnematophyceae), including a polysaccharide-rich cell wall, which is a prerequisite for terrestrial survival. A major component of both land plant and Zygnematophyceaen cell walls is the pectin homogalacturonan (HG), and its hi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6494968/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31105732 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00540 |
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author | Herburger, Klaus Xin, Anzhou Holzinger, Andreas |
author_facet | Herburger, Klaus Xin, Anzhou Holzinger, Andreas |
author_sort | Herburger, Klaus |
collection | PubMed |
description | Land plants inherited several traits from their green algal ancestors (Zygnematophyceae), including a polysaccharide-rich cell wall, which is a prerequisite for terrestrial survival. A major component of both land plant and Zygnematophyceaen cell walls is the pectin homogalacturonan (HG), and its high water holding capacity may have helped algae to colonize terrestrial habitats, characterized by water scarcity. To test this, HG was removed from the cell walls of Zygnema filaments by pectate lyase (PL), and their effective quantum yield of photosystem II (YII) as a proxy for photosynthetic performance was measured in response to desiccation stress by pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). Old filaments were found to contain more HG and are more resistant against desiccation stress but relatively lose more desiccation resistance after HG removal than young filaments. After rehydration, the photosynthetic performance recovered less efficiently in filaments with a HG content reduced by PL, independently of filament age. Immunolabeling showed that partial or un-methylesterified HG occurs throughout the longitudinal cell walls of both young and old filaments, while no labeling signal occurred when filaments were treated with PL prior labeling. This confirmed that most HG can be removed from the cell walls by PL. The initial labeling pattern was restored after ~3 days. A different form of methylesterified HG was restricted to cell poles and cross cell walls. In conclusion, it was shown that the accumulation of HG in Zygnema filaments increases their resistance against desiccation stress. This trait might have played an important role during the colonization of land by Zygnematophyceae, which founded the evolution of all land plants. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6494968 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64949682019-05-17 Homogalacturonan Accumulation in Cell Walls of the Green Alga Zygnema sp. (Charophyta) Increases Desiccation Resistance Herburger, Klaus Xin, Anzhou Holzinger, Andreas Front Plant Sci Plant Science Land plants inherited several traits from their green algal ancestors (Zygnematophyceae), including a polysaccharide-rich cell wall, which is a prerequisite for terrestrial survival. A major component of both land plant and Zygnematophyceaen cell walls is the pectin homogalacturonan (HG), and its high water holding capacity may have helped algae to colonize terrestrial habitats, characterized by water scarcity. To test this, HG was removed from the cell walls of Zygnema filaments by pectate lyase (PL), and their effective quantum yield of photosystem II (YII) as a proxy for photosynthetic performance was measured in response to desiccation stress by pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). Old filaments were found to contain more HG and are more resistant against desiccation stress but relatively lose more desiccation resistance after HG removal than young filaments. After rehydration, the photosynthetic performance recovered less efficiently in filaments with a HG content reduced by PL, independently of filament age. Immunolabeling showed that partial or un-methylesterified HG occurs throughout the longitudinal cell walls of both young and old filaments, while no labeling signal occurred when filaments were treated with PL prior labeling. This confirmed that most HG can be removed from the cell walls by PL. The initial labeling pattern was restored after ~3 days. A different form of methylesterified HG was restricted to cell poles and cross cell walls. In conclusion, it was shown that the accumulation of HG in Zygnema filaments increases their resistance against desiccation stress. This trait might have played an important role during the colonization of land by Zygnematophyceae, which founded the evolution of all land plants. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-04-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6494968/ /pubmed/31105732 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00540 Text en Copyright © 2019 Herburger, Xin and Holzinger. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Herburger, Klaus Xin, Anzhou Holzinger, Andreas Homogalacturonan Accumulation in Cell Walls of the Green Alga Zygnema sp. (Charophyta) Increases Desiccation Resistance |
title | Homogalacturonan Accumulation in Cell Walls of the Green Alga Zygnema sp. (Charophyta) Increases Desiccation Resistance |
title_full | Homogalacturonan Accumulation in Cell Walls of the Green Alga Zygnema sp. (Charophyta) Increases Desiccation Resistance |
title_fullStr | Homogalacturonan Accumulation in Cell Walls of the Green Alga Zygnema sp. (Charophyta) Increases Desiccation Resistance |
title_full_unstemmed | Homogalacturonan Accumulation in Cell Walls of the Green Alga Zygnema sp. (Charophyta) Increases Desiccation Resistance |
title_short | Homogalacturonan Accumulation in Cell Walls of the Green Alga Zygnema sp. (Charophyta) Increases Desiccation Resistance |
title_sort | homogalacturonan accumulation in cell walls of the green alga zygnema sp. (charophyta) increases desiccation resistance |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6494968/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31105732 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00540 |
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