Contrasting effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on soil nitrous oxide fluxes and enzyme activities in an alpine wetland of the Tibetan Plateau

Alpine wetlands are important ecosystems, but an increased availability of soil nutrients may affect their soil nitrous oxide (N(2)O) fluxes and key enzyme activities. We undertook a 3-year experiment of observing nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) addition to alpine wetland soils of the Tibetan Plateau, China, with measurements made of soil extracellular enzyme activities and soil N(2)O fluxes. Our study showed that soil N(2)O flux was significantly increased by 72% and 102% following N and N+P additions, respectively. N addition significantly increased acid phosphatase (AP) and β-1, 4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities by 32% and 26%, respectively. P addition alone exerted a neutral effect on soil AP activities, while increasing NAG activities. We inferred that microbes produce enzymes based on ‘resource allocation theory’, but that a series of constitutive enzymes or the treatment duration interfere with this response. Our findings suggest that N addition increases N- and P-cycling enzyme activities and soil N(2)O flux, whereas P addition exerts a neutral effect on P-cycling enzyme activities and N(2)O flux after 3 years of nutrient applications to an alpine wetland.