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Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR

Blackleg (BL) is an acute to peracute highly fatal infectious disease of mainly large ruminants characterised by lesions of myonecrosis caused by Clostridium chauvoei, usually presenting as a sudden onset of sporadic mortalities. In Southeast Asia, ‘BL’ is considered a cause of occasional outbreaks...

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Autores principales: Nampanya, Sonevilay, Khounsy, Syseng, Dhand, Navneet K., Bush, Russell D., Windsor, Peter A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6498524/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30779313
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vms3.152
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author Nampanya, Sonevilay
Khounsy, Syseng
Dhand, Navneet K.
Bush, Russell D.
Windsor, Peter A.
author_facet Nampanya, Sonevilay
Khounsy, Syseng
Dhand, Navneet K.
Bush, Russell D.
Windsor, Peter A.
author_sort Nampanya, Sonevilay
collection PubMed
description Blackleg (BL) is an acute to peracute highly fatal infectious disease of mainly large ruminants characterised by lesions of myonecrosis caused by Clostridium chauvoei, usually presenting as a sudden onset of sporadic mortalities. In Southeast Asia, ‘BL’ is considered a cause of occasional outbreaks of a subacute febrile illness, although there are few published reports available. Investigation of a major outbreak of clinically diagnosed BL occurring in large ruminants (cattle and buffalo) in three neighbouring villages in central Laos in mid‐2017, was conducted to determine the financial impacts of BL on smallholder livelihoods. Owners of BL‐infected large ruminants in the three affected villages were interviewed (n = 27) and financial losses including losses due to mortality, morbidity and costs of treatments, were determined. The reports of clinical signs of subcutaneous swelling with palpable crepitus in febrile animals were considered consistent with a diagnosis of BL. The outbreak occurred in 47 of a total 449 households with large ruminants across the three villages, affecting 147 of a total population of 3505 ‘at risk’ large ruminants with 71 deaths reported. At the household level, the mean morbidity and mortality rates were 5 ± 4(95% CI: 3–6) and 3 ± 2(95% CI: 1–4) heads per household, respectively. The estimated financial losses due to BL per affected household was USD 822 ± 692(95% CI: 518–1125), being 122% of their annual household income from large ruminant sales. The comparison between the estimated losses due to BL per village and cost of annual BL vaccination programmes, indicated a potential economic benefit of USD3.09 and USD12.37 for every dollar invested in the vaccination programme, if BL outbreaks occur every 20 and 5 years, respectively. This study indicates that clinically diagnosed BL can cause significant losses to smallholder households, and requires Lao animal health authorities to consider vaccination interventions to prevent losses from re‐emergence of BL in the known endemically affected areas.
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spelling pubmed-64985242019-05-07 Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR Nampanya, Sonevilay Khounsy, Syseng Dhand, Navneet K. Bush, Russell D. Windsor, Peter A. Vet Med Sci Original Articles Blackleg (BL) is an acute to peracute highly fatal infectious disease of mainly large ruminants characterised by lesions of myonecrosis caused by Clostridium chauvoei, usually presenting as a sudden onset of sporadic mortalities. In Southeast Asia, ‘BL’ is considered a cause of occasional outbreaks of a subacute febrile illness, although there are few published reports available. Investigation of a major outbreak of clinically diagnosed BL occurring in large ruminants (cattle and buffalo) in three neighbouring villages in central Laos in mid‐2017, was conducted to determine the financial impacts of BL on smallholder livelihoods. Owners of BL‐infected large ruminants in the three affected villages were interviewed (n = 27) and financial losses including losses due to mortality, morbidity and costs of treatments, were determined. The reports of clinical signs of subcutaneous swelling with palpable crepitus in febrile animals were considered consistent with a diagnosis of BL. The outbreak occurred in 47 of a total 449 households with large ruminants across the three villages, affecting 147 of a total population of 3505 ‘at risk’ large ruminants with 71 deaths reported. At the household level, the mean morbidity and mortality rates were 5 ± 4(95% CI: 3–6) and 3 ± 2(95% CI: 1–4) heads per household, respectively. The estimated financial losses due to BL per affected household was USD 822 ± 692(95% CI: 518–1125), being 122% of their annual household income from large ruminant sales. The comparison between the estimated losses due to BL per village and cost of annual BL vaccination programmes, indicated a potential economic benefit of USD3.09 and USD12.37 for every dollar invested in the vaccination programme, if BL outbreaks occur every 20 and 5 years, respectively. This study indicates that clinically diagnosed BL can cause significant losses to smallholder households, and requires Lao animal health authorities to consider vaccination interventions to prevent losses from re‐emergence of BL in the known endemically affected areas. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6498524/ /pubmed/30779313 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vms3.152 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Nampanya, Sonevilay
Khounsy, Syseng
Dhand, Navneet K.
Bush, Russell D.
Windsor, Peter A.
Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR
title Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR
title_full Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR
title_fullStr Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR
title_full_unstemmed Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR
title_short Financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from Lao PDR
title_sort financial impact of an outbreak of clinically diagnosed blackleg – a case study from lao pdr
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6498524/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30779313
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vms3.152
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